Real Time Pricing as a Default or Optional Service for C&ICustomers: A Comparative Analysis of Eight Case Studies

Integration of intermittent renewable power supply using grid-connected vehicles – A 2030 case study for California and Germany

“…The main scenario used "GER 2030" refers to the "Lead Scenario 2010", which was part of a survey investigating high RES penetration in Germany made on behalf of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety [39]. Other surveys of the German energy sector, [40] and [41], do not account for nuclear phase-out or the time period until 2030 7 . The "Lead Scenario 2010" was selected because this study is best suited to investigating the effects of fluctuating generation.…”

“…This study concludes that real-time pricing (RTP) -the control approach also applied in this paper (see Chapter 3) -provides the flexibility needed to balance variable generation technically, but faces the obstacle of low stakeholder support. Currently, in the residential sector RTP is mainly used in research projects such as [7][8] [9].…”

Demand response in U.S. electricity markets: Empirical evidence

“…10 Retail DR as a whole in SPP is estimated to provide 1,552 MW of potential coincident peak demand reduction, 13% of which comes from customers on time-based rates while the remaining 87% is associated with incentive-based DR programs. 11 The MWDRI study indicated that as of late 2007 there were over 122 different retail incentive-based DR programs being offered to customers, and 19 different time-based retail rates in the region's utility tariffs. Collectively, DR is forecasted to reduce coincident peak demand in MISO by 4,367 MW, again the vast majority (93%) of which is coming from incentive-based DR programs.…”

Demand Responsive and Energy Efficient Control Technologies andStrategies in Commercial Buildings

“…The default tariff for all large Niagara Mohawk customers (those with over 2 MW of service) is an RTP tariff; however, they may change to another service provider. The RTP tariff has successfully provided DR while operating with the reliability-based Emergency Demand Response Program (EDRP) run by the New York Independent System Operator [16].…”

“…This section summarizes the financial impact of a 400 kW demand reduction over 4 hours in the NY Times building [16]. Although the simulations identified 600 kW as potential demand reduction, a more conservative demand reduction of 400 kW is chosen for the financial analysis because of baseline related issues and simulation assumptions.…”