Real-Time Recording of Circadian <i>Per1</i> and <i>Per2</i> Expression in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus of Freely Moving Rats

Yamaguchi, Yoshiaki; Okada, Kazuki; Mizuno, Takanobu; Ota, Takumi; Yamada, Hiroyuki; Doi, Masao; Kobayashi, Masaki; Tei, Hajime; Shigeyoshi, Yasufumi; Okamura, Hitoshi

doi:10.1177/0748730415621412

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…In mammals, the expression of core clock genes has been confirmed not only in the SCN but also in other brain structures, including the cortex and HC (Namihira et al, 1999 ; Reick et al, 2001 ; Shieh, 2003 ; Jilg et al, 2010 ; Ono et al, 2015 ; Riddle et al, 2016 ; Yamaguchi et al, 2016 ). Moreover, several studies have shown that clock gene mutations disrupt synaptic plasticity, memory formation and learning.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Circadian Plasticity Of the Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian Plasticity in the Brain of Insects and Rodents

Krzeptowski

Hess

Pyza

2018

Front. Neural Circuits

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In both vertebrate and invertebrate brains, neurons, glial cells and synapses are plastic, which means that the physiology and structure of these components are modified in response to internal and external stimuli during development and in mature brains. The term plasticity has been introduced in the last century to describe experience-dependent changes in synapse strength and number. These changes result from local functional and morphological synapse modifications; however, these modifications also occur more commonly in pre- and postsynaptic neurons. As a result, neuron morphology and neuronal networks are constantly modified during the life of animals and humans in response to different stimuli. Nevertheless, it has been discovered in flies and mammals that the number of synapses and size and shape of neurons also oscillate during the day. In most cases, these rhythms are circadian since they are generated by endogenous circadian clocks; however, some rhythmic changes in neuron morphology and synapse number and structure are controlled directly by environmental cues or by both external cues and circadian clocks. When the circadian clock is involved in generating cyclic changes in the nervous system, this type of plasticity is called circadian plasticity. It seems to be important in processing sensory information, in learning and in memory. Disruption of the clock may affect major brain functions.

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Section: Mechanisms Of Circadian Plasticity Of the Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian Plasticity in the Brain of Insects and Rodents

Krzeptowski

Hess

Pyza

2018

Front. Neural Circuits

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“…With this approach, the authors were able to record bioluminescence parallel to Per1 activation, which allowed for the quantification of circadian fluctuations directly from the SCN (Yamaguchi et al, ). This technique was then used by many other authors that further improved luciferin delivery, using osmotic pumps (Yamaguchi et al, ). More recently, researchers have also developed double transgenic mice ( Per1–luc and Bmal1–Eluc ), taking advantage of two different types of luc that produce light of different wavelengths (Noguchi et al, ).…”

Section: Evaluation Of Circadian Rhythms: From Cells To Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of determining circadian parameters in pharmacological studies

Gaspar

Álvaro

Carmo‐Silva

et al. 2019

British J Pharmacology

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In mammals, most molecular and cellular processes show circadian changes, leading to daily variations in physiology and ultimately in behaviour. Such daily variations induce a temporal coordination of processes that is essential to ensure homeostasis and health. Thus, it is of no surprise that pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of many drugs are also subject to circadian variations, profoundly affecting their efficacy and tolerability. Understanding how circadian rhythms influence drug PK, PD, and toxicity might significantly improve treatment efficacy and decrease related side effects. Therefore, it is essential to take circadian variations into account and to determine circadian parameters in pharmacological studies, especially when drugs have a short half‐life or target rhythmic processes. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on circadian rhythms and their relevance to the field of pharmacology. Methodologies to evaluate circadian rhythms in vitro, in rodent models and in humans, from experimental to computational approaches, are described and discussed. Lastly, we aim at alerting the scientific, medical, and regulatory communities to the relevance of the physiological time, as a key parameter to be considered when designing pharmacological studies. This will eventually lead to more successful preclinical and clinical trials and pave the way to a more personalized treatment to the benefit of the patients.

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“…and Per2) varies across the 24 hour cycle in the SCN in mice (25,26) and more recently in rats (27). Wang et al, (28) showed that Per2 mRNA and protein expression varied across the 24 hour cycle in the hippocampus.…”

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confidence: 98%