Real‐time RT‐PCR analysis of loblolly pine (<i>Pinus taeda</i>) arabinogalactan‐protein and arabinogalactan‐protein‐like genes

Yang, Suk-Hwan; Wang, Hongyan; Sathyan, Pratheesh; Stasolla, Claudio; Loopstra, Carol A.

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.2005.00479.x

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…, 2004). By contrast, AGP5 transcript is preferentially accumulated in LW of radiata (this study) and loblolly pine (Yang & Loopstra, 2005; Yang et al. , 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Seasonal reorganization of the xylem transcriptome at different tree ages reveals novel insights into wood formation in Pinus radiata

Southerton

2010

New Phytologist

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Summary Seasonal wood development produces earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) with distinct properties. The molecular mechanisms controlling EW and LW formation at different tree ages are poorly understood. Seasonal reorganization of the xylem transcriptome was investigated in Pinus radiata at four tree ages using cDNA microarrays. Transcriptome profiles were compared with seasonal wood variation measured by SilviScan (CSIRO, Clayton, Australia). The xylem transcriptome was considerably reorganized during seasonal change, and this reorganization showed a maturation‐related pattern. The greater reorganization occurred at the transition (30%) and juvenile (21%) stages, but it declined with tree maturity (11–13%). However, this pattern does not correlate well with maturation‐related patterns of seasonal wood variation. In total, 319 seasonal‐responsive xylem candidate genes were identified. Many transcripts involved in primary and secondary wall biosynthesis were preferentially accumulated in EW and LW, respectively. A large proportion (45–81%) of the candidate genes are preferentially regulated at a single age and their transcript abundance may influence maturation‐related patterns of seasonal wood variation. Seasonal reorganization of the xylem transcriptome is significantly affected by tree age. Physiological changes at the transition stage may contribute to its greater seasonal transcriptome reorganization. Identified stage‐preferential xylem transcripts could influence seasonal wood variation at different tree ages.

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“…, 2004). By contrast, AGP5 transcript is preferentially accumulated in LW of radiata (this study) and loblolly pine (Yang & Loopstra, 2005; Yang et al. , 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Seasonal reorganization of the xylem transcriptome at different tree ages reveals novel insights into wood formation in Pinus radiata

Southerton

2010

New Phytologist

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“…In loblolly pine six PtaAGPs were predominantly transcribed in secondary xylem development [46]. Our study revealed that FLAs were differentially transcribed in either CW ( FLA1 and 8 ) or OW ( FLA10 , 17 and 26 ) of radiata pine branches.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Transcriptome profiling of radiata pine branches reveals new insights into reaction wood formation with implications in plant gravitropism

Yang

2013

BMC Genomics

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BackgroundFormation of compression (CW) and opposite wood (OW) in branches and bent trunks is an adaptive feature of conifer trees in response to various displacement forces, such as gravity, wind, snow and artificial bending. Several previous studies have characterized tracheids, wood and gene transcription in artificially or naturally bent conifer trunks. These studies have provided molecular basis of reaction wood formation in response to bending forces and gravity stimulus. However, little is known about reaction wood formation and gene transcription in conifer branches under gravity stress. In this study SilviScan® technology was used to characterize tracheid and wood traits in radiate pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) branches and genes differentially transcribed in CW and OW were investigated using cDNA microarrays.ResultsCW drastically differed from OW in tracheids and wood traits with increased growth, thicker tracheid walls, larger microfibril angle (MFA), higher density and lower stiffness. However, CW and OW tracheids had similar diameters in either radial or tangential direction. Thus, gravity stress largely influenced wood growth, secondary wall deposition, cellulose microfibril orientation and wood properties, but had little impact on primary wall expansion. Microarray gene transcription revealed about 29% of the xylem transcriptomes were significantly altered in CW and OW sampled in both spring and autumn, providing molecular evidence for the drastic variation in tracheid and wood traits. Genes involved in cell division, cellulose biosynthesis, lignin deposition, and microtubules were mostly up-regulated in CW, conferring its greater growth, thicker tracheid walls, higher density, larger MFA and lower stiffness. However, genes with roles in cell expansion and primary wall formation were differentially transcribed in CW and OW, respectively, implicating their similar diameters of tracheid walls and different tracheid lengths. Interestingly, many genes related to hormone and calcium signalling as well as various environmental stresses were exclusively up-regulated in CW, providing important clues for earlier molecular signatures of reaction wood formation under gravity stimulus.ConclusionsThe first comprehensive investigation of tracheid characteristics, wood properties and gene transcription in branches of a conifer species revealed more accurate and new insights into reaction wood formation in response to gravity stress. The identified differentially transcribed genes with diverse functions conferred or implicated drastic CW and OW variation observed in radiata pine branches. These genes are excellent candidates for further researches on the molecular mechanisms of reaction wood formation with a view to plant gravitropism.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-14-768) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Consistent with our localization results, Zhang et al (2003) have previously shown that PtaAGP6 epitopes preceded secondary wall deposition in loblolly pine. Several AGP genes have also been shown to be highly expressed in diVerentiating xylem from loblolly pine (Loopstra and SederoV 1995;Loopstra et al 2000;Zhang et al 2003;Yang et al 2005). Moreover, the addition of AGPs to Zinnia cultures has been shown to stimulate xylogenesis (Motose et al 2004).…”

Section: Agps and Tracheid Diverentiationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Characterization of the structure, expression and function of Pinus radiata D. Don arabinogalactan-proteins

Putoczki

Pettolino

Griffin

et al. 2007

Planta

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A synthetic phenylglycoside (beta-GlcY) that interacts specifically with arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs), a class of plant cell surface proteoglycans, has been used to study the spatial distribution of AGPs in the xylem tissue of radiata pine. These studies demonstrated that AGPs were located in the compound middle lamella (CML) of the newly developed tracheid. Abundant, low salt extractable AGPs were purified from xylem tissue. Monosaccharide analysis showed that arabinose and galactose were the main sugars present. Linkage analysis showed that most of the arabinose was in the furanose form, at the terminal and 5-linked positions, and the majority of the galactose was in the pyranose form at the terminal 3-, 6- and 3,6-linked positions; a linkage composition typical of AGPs. The AGPs had an abundance of characteristic amino acid residues including alanine, hydroxyproline, proline, and serine. Separation of the AGPs using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography showed that one main fraction was eluted, which tested positive for AGPs by dot-blot analysis using anti-AGP monoclonal antibodies. Sedimentation equilibrium analysis showed that this main fraction contained a 226 kDa species. We have examined the function of AGPs in tracheid differentiation using an established radiata pine callus culture system grown on media containing beta-GlcY. The effect of beta-GlcY on the cultures was to reduce the overall tracheid differentiation rate in a concentration dependent manner, ultimately resulting in cell death. These studies provide further evidence that AGPs play an important role in tracheid differentiation, and thus may be an important biological target for improving wood quality.

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Real‐time RT‐PCR analysis of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) arabinogalactan‐protein and arabinogalactan‐protein‐like genes

Cited by 28 publications

References 71 publications

Seasonal reorganization of the xylem transcriptome at different tree ages reveals novel insights into wood formation in Pinus radiata

Seasonal reorganization of the xylem transcriptome at different tree ages reveals novel insights into wood formation in Pinus radiata

Transcriptome profiling of radiata pine branches reveals new insights into reaction wood formation with implications in plant gravitropism

Characterization of the structure, expression and function of Pinus radiata D. Don arabinogalactan-proteins

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