“…Biometrics is described as a pattern-recognition technique for individual identification, based on their physical, chemical, or behavioral characteristics [ 1 , 2 ]. One of the most popular biometric techniques is face recognition [ 2 ], which has abundant applications [ 3 , 4 , 5 ] in various areas, such as: (1) security, including identity verification [ 6 , 7 ], computer or mobile device unlock [ 7 , 8 ], criminal records search, and voter registration; (2) surveillance, such as cameras used on closed circuit television (CCTV) [ 9 ]; and (3) access control that could grant access to a specific place or an electronic account to a group of people [ 10 ] using their faces as a credential. As described by Das et al [ 11 ], there is a growing attention from the scientific community on mobile devices with biometric recognition.…”