Real-Time Temperature Measurement Using Infrared Thermography Camera and Effects on Tensile Strength and Microhardness of Hot Wire Plasma Arc Welding

Naksuk, Nirut; Nakngoenthong, Jiradech; Printrakoon, Waravut; Yuttawiriya, Rattanapon

doi:10.3390/met10081046

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The welding current used for both coatings was the same, which provided the same heat input (calculated from welding parameters) during welding. The cooling rate was calculated and simplified by Equation (1) [35].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of the Dilution Level on Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Fe-Cr-CV Hardfacing Coatings Deposited by PTA-P

et al. 2022

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Soil preparation tools are subject to severe abrasion. The wear resistance of various industrial components can be improved using the hardfacing technique. The improvement in hardfacing wear resistance depends on the microstructure, i.e., the chemical composition of the alloys, the method of overlay, and the parameters of the selected process. The Plasma Transferred Arc with Powder (PTA-P) welding process is interesting as a hardfacing technique since it promotes very low dilution of the substrate in the coating. In this article, the PTA-P welding process was used for the deposition of Fe-Cr-C-based hard coatings with the addition of vanadium onto cheap and relatively soft low-carbon steel substrates. Rubber-wheel abrasion tests were performed to compare the abrasion resistance between commercial anti-wear steel and weld-deposited Fe-Cr-C-V hard coatings. In addition, the microstructure, dilution, and wear mechanisms were investigated. The dilution of the coatings affected the microstructure, in particular, the free mean path of the vanadium carbides, but it only affected abrasion resistance when the wear mechanism involved rolling abrasion. The deposited coatings proved to be at least three times stronger than a commercial abrasion-resistant steel due to the distribution and morphology of the vanadium carbides formed in the coatings.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of the Dilution Level on Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Fe-Cr-CV Hardfacing Coatings Deposited by PTA-P

et al. 2022

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“…The plasma welding controller from the Cebora machine brand (Bologna, Italy) was used for controlling various parameters for plasma welding. The hot-wire unit used in this research is from MAC brand, Power assist IV-642 model (Osaka, Japan) [ 23 ], with a wire feed system to the welding torch, which is attached to the robotic arm used for controlling the hot-wire plasma welding path. The plasma torch was at the front, while the hot-wire was fed behind the plasma welding torch.…”

Section: Materials and Experimental Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hot-wire GTAW process has the advantage of high quality with an excellent weld profile and high productivity. At the same time, Naksuk et al [ 23 ] studied the temperature generated during welding recorded in real time with a high-speed infrared thermography camera for the hot-wire plasma arc welding process.…”

Section: Introductionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of Additive Manufacturing Using a Hot-Wire Plasma Welding Process on Titanium Parts

2021

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In this paper, we propose hot-wire plasma welding, a combination of the plasma welding (PAW) process and the hot-wire process in the additive manufacturing (AM) process. Generally, in plasma welding for AM processes, the deposit grain size increases, and the hardness decreases as the wall height increases. The coarse microstructure, along with the large grain size, corresponds to an increase in deposit temperature, which leads to poorer mechanical properties. At the same time, the hot-wire laser process seems to contain an overly high interstitial amount of oxygen and nitrogen. With an increasing emphasis on sustainability, the hot-wire plasma welding process offers significant advantages: deeper and narrow penetration than the cold-wire plasma welding, improved design flexibility, large deposition rates, and low dilution percentages. Thus, the hot-wire plasma welding process was investigated in this work. The wire used in the welding process was a titanium American Welding Society (AMS) 4951F (Grade 2) welding wire (diameter 1.6 mm), in which the welding was recorded in real time with a charge-coupled device camera (CCD camera). We studied three parameters of the hot-wire plasma welding process: (1) the welding speed, (2) wire current, and (3) wire feeding speed. The mechanical and physical properties (porosity, Vickers hardness, microstructure, and tensile strength) were examined. It was found that the number of layers, the length and width of the molten pool, and the width of the deposited bead increased, while the height of the layer increased, and the hot-wire current played an important role in the deposition. In addition, these results were benchmarked against specimens created by a hot-wire plasma welding/wire-based additive manufacturing process with an intention to develop the hot-wire PAW process as a potential alternative in the additive manufacturing industry.

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“…Appropriate monitoring and control of the arc power and metal transfer are needed to build defect-free parts in GMA-DED [4,5]. Although significant efforts are reported for real-time monitoring of arc welding processes [6][7][8][9], similar attempts are yet scarce for GMA-DED [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time monitoring of temperature field, metal transfer and cooling rate during gas metal arc-directed energy deposition

Chaurasia

Goecke

2022

Science and Technology of Welding and Joining

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Gas metal arc-directed energy deposition is a metal additive manufacturing technique that involves the melting of a filler wire under an electric arc resulting in a high rate of deposition of molten metal and fast building of large scale parts in a layer-by-layer manner. A novel attempt is presented here for real-time simultaneous monitoring of the arc current, voltage and power, and the nature of surface temperature field and filler wire deposition during the process. The recorded temperature fields are analysed to trace the layer-wise variation in melt pool dimensions and solidification cooling rates. Together these process signatures demonstrated a synchronised assessment and potential to support an integrated feedback control system for gas metal arc-directed energy deposition.

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Real-Time Temperature Measurement Using Infrared Thermography Camera and Effects on Tensile Strength and Microhardness of Hot Wire Plasma Arc Welding

Cited by 13 publications

References 21 publications

The Effect of the Dilution Level on Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Fe-Cr-CV Hardfacing Coatings Deposited by PTA-P

The Effect of the Dilution Level on Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Fe-Cr-CV Hardfacing Coatings Deposited by PTA-P

Experimental Investigation of Additive Manufacturing Using a Hot-Wire Plasma Welding Process on Titanium Parts

Real-time monitoring of temperature field, metal transfer and cooling rate during gas metal arc-directed energy deposition

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