“…As an example, consider a LiFePO 4 BESS of 140 kW/280 kWh, SOH tsh of 0.8, 6000 cycle life at DOD r of 0.90, η bess of 0.92 (according to Table 6), where the cost of capital C cap,bess is 91,000 USD (real market data). Thus, using Equations ( 32) and (35), and assuming k e = 0.55, the result is L E,bess ≥ 2, 681, 776 kWh, and p bess ≤ 0.0339 USD/kWh, respectively. As p bess represents the cost of charging and discharging each kWh at the battery cells node, then the BESS powers in the objective function, whose reference is the main (bus) node, must be weighted by the efficiency of BESS, which is similar to consider cost of charging: ∆tP sto p bess = ∆tP chr η bess p bess = ∆tP chr p chr , ⇒ p chr = η bess p bess (36a) cost of discharging: ∆tP sto p bess = ∆t P dch η bess p bess = ∆tP dch p dch , ⇒ p dch = 1…”