Real-World Emission Factors of Gaseous and Particulate Pollutants from Marine Fishing Boats and Their Total Emissions in China

Abstract

Pollutants from fishing boats have generally been neglected worldwide, and there is an acute shortage of measured emission data, especially in China. Therefore, on-board measurements of pollutants emitted from 12 different fishing boats in China (including gill net, angling, and trawler boats) were carried out in this study to investigate emission factors (EFs), characteristics and total emissions. The average EFs for CO, CO, NO , PM, and SO were 3074 ± 55.9, 50.6 ± 31.7, 54.2 ± 30.7, 9.54 ± 2.24, and 5.94 ± 6.38 g (kg fuel), respectively, which were higher than those from previous studies of fishing boats. When compared to medium-speed and slow-speed engine vessels, high-speed engines on fishing boats had higher CO EFs but lower NO EFs. Notably, when fishing boats were in low-load conditions, they always had higher EFs of CO, PM, and NO compared to other operating modes. The estimated results showed that emissions from motor-powered fishing boats in China in 2012 (232, 379, and 61.8 kt CO, NO and PM) accounted for 10.7%, 10.9%, and 19.3% of the total CO, NO and PM emitted from nonroad mobile sources, which means significant contribution of fishing boats to air pollution, especially in southern China areas.

Size-segregated characteristics of OC, EC and organic matters in PM emitted from different types of ships in China

“…1. The emission factor 205 for PM was discussed in our previous studies (Zhang et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2019). In general, low engine power fishing boats had much higher PM emission factors than other types of ships, while high engine power diesel vessels showed lower PM emission factors, especially for the high quality fuel ships.…”

Response to Referee 1

“…Actually, emission factors and the ratios of OC and EC at different engine loads have been discussed in our previous studies (Zhang et al, 2016;2018). In this study, we focused on the size-segregated OC and EC distributions.…”

“…All the abbreviations have been changed in the revised manuscript. Finally, due to the fact that our research on shipping emissions was a complete series, including the emission factors and characteristics of gaseous pollutants, PM and its chemical composition, the influence factor, the organic matters, and the total emissions in our previously published papers (Zhang et al, 2016(Zhang et al, , 2018(Zhang et al, , 2019, we would like to retain the specific ship…”

“…introduced in our previous studies (Zhang et al, 2016(Zhang et al, , 2018. Therefore, we did not put them in the supplementary material in this study.…”

Molecular Characterization of Polar Organic Matters in Off-road Engine Emissions Using Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR MS): New Direction to Find Biomarkers

“…Rapidly increased number of off-road engines (eg. Vessels and excavators) have resulted in large quantities of pollutants emission, which have severe impacts on air quality, human health and climate change (Righi et al, 2011;Li et al, 2016;Liu et al, 5 2016; Wang et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2018). Only in China, the dead weight capacity of vessels increased from 51 million tons in 2000 to 266 million tons in 2016 (NBS 2017).…”