Real World Executive Control Impairments in Preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Smithson, Pontea Etemad; Kenworthy, Lauren; Wills, Meagan C.; Jarrett, Marian H.; Atmore, Kathleen; Yerys, Benjamin E.

doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1747-x

Cited by 50 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The test developers argue for greater ecological validity for such reports over performance-based EF tasks to assess children across a variety of settings versus a laboratory or clinic (Isquith, Crawford, Espy, & Gioia, 2005). Furthermore, research has indicated that different clinical populations including children with ASD (Chan et al, 2009;Gilotty, Kenworthy, Sirian, Black, & Wagner, 2002;Semrud-Clikeman, Walkowiak, Wilkinson, & Butcher, 2010;Smithson et al, 2013), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; Qian, Shuai, Cao, Chan, & Wang, 2010;Toplak, Bucciarelli, Jain, & Tannock, 2009), and frontal lesions (Jacobs, Harvey, & Anderson, 2007) obtain significantly elevated scores (i.e., indicative of EF deficit) on the BRIEF. Scores on the BRIEF Working Memory scale have also been associated with frontal-lobe gray-matter volume in typically developing children aged 5 to 17 years old (Mahone, Martin, Kates, Hay, & Horská, 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The preschool version (BRIEF-P) reportedly has a slightly different factor structure from the original BRIEF, with different scales loading on the three factors (Bonillo, Jiménez, Ballabriga, Capdevila, & Riera, 2012;Isquith, Gioia, & Espy, 2004). Further, for children with developmental disorders such as ASD and ADHD, most scales and indexes are elevated (e.g., Gioia, Isquith, Kenworthy, & Barton, 2002;Semrud-Clikeman et al, 2010;Smithson et al, 2013), thereby raising the question of whether the clinical scales provide useful profile information beyond the three indexes and the GEC. Finally, the developers of the BRIEF caution that the results need to be utilized in the context of other instruments such as performance-based measures (Isquith et al, 2005).…”

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Does the BRIEF-P Predict Specific Executive Function Components in Preschoolers?

Garon

Piccinin

Smith

2015

Applied Neuropsychology: Child

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The current study explored the association between the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool (BRIEF-P; Gioia, Espy, & Isquith, 2003 ) and a new battery of direct executive function (EF) measures designed for preschoolers. Forty-two typically developing 3- to 5-year-olds were given the Preschool Executive Function Battery (PEFB; Garon, Smith & Bryson, 2014); their mothers filled out the BRIEF-P. The findings support distinct associations between 3 BRIEF-P scales and corresponding direct EF measures. In particular, a strong association was found between the BRIEF-P Inhibition scale and children's performance on the PEFB Inhibition measure. The findings indicate that parent ratings of preschoolers' everyday EF behavior are related to performance on the PEFB, a laboratory measure. These findings have implications for early screening of children's EF difficulties as well as for future research.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Does the BRIEF-P Predict Specific Executive Function Components in Preschoolers?

Garon

Piccinin

Smith

2015

Applied Neuropsychology: Child

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“…All but three studies of EF in children younger than seven (Pellicano, 2007; Pellicano, Maybery, Durkin, & Maley, 2006; Smithson et al, 2013) are limited by the inclusion of children with ASD who also had general cognitive delays (e.g., Dawson et al, 1998, 2002; McEvoy, Rogers, & Pennington, 1993; Yerys, Hepburn, Pennington, & Rogers, 2007). Thus, although children with ASD are first distinguished from mental age matched typically developing and developmentally delayed children in inhibition, visual working memory and flexibility by preschool (Dawson et al, 1998; McEvoy et al, 1993), it is unclear whether EF difficulties are associated with ASD per se or the combination of ASD and cognitive delay.…”

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confidence: 99%

Performance on the dimensional change card sort and backward digit span by young children with autism without intellectual disability

Faja

Dawson

2013

Child Neuropsychology

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The early development of executive function (EF) and its relation to autism symptom expression is of considerable theoretical interest, particularly in children without general cognitive delay. Executive function was tested in 23 children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) without intellectual disability and 20 age- and IQ-matched typically developing children. Even though performance was equivalent between the two groups on tests of general intelligence, flexibility in card sorting was lower for children with ASD. Verbal working memory during the backward digit span did not differ between groups. Among children with ASD, poorer performance on card sorting distinguished a subgroup with worse social-communication functioning above and beyond IQ. With IQ controlled, social and repetitive symptoms of ASD did not differ based on card sorting ability.

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“…Dado que no existen baterías diseñadas específicamente para el TEA, las pruebas más utilizadas tanto en el ámbito de la investigación como en la práctica clínica, han sido la Torre de Hanoi, la Torre de Londres, la prueba de tarjetas de Wisconsin y el test de fluidez verbal, al igual que baterías como el Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), entre otros (10,16,(21)(22)(23)(24)(25). En el presente estudio se decidió utilizar las subpruebas de función ejecutiva de la evaluación neuropsicológica Infantil (ENI) debido a que se trata de un instrumento validado para la aplicación en población colombiana entre 5 y 16 años (19).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Trastorno del espectro autista y función ejecutiva

Talero-Gutiérrez¹,

Palacio²,

Quiñones³

et al. 2023

Acta Neurol Colomb

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RESUMENIntroduccIón: las alteraciones en la función ejecutiva, especialmente en flexibilidad cognoscitiva, planeación, control inhibitorio y memoria de trabajo constituyen un elemento cardinal dentro las manifestaciones del trastorno del espectro autista (TEA). objetIvo: el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el desempeño de las pruebas de función ejecutiva en una población de pacientes con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA). MaterIales y Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional en niños de una institución de rehabilitación. Se evaluó el desempeño en las subpruebas de la evaluación neuropsicológica infantil, el puntaje de CARS (Childhood Autism Rating Scale) y otras variables, mediante un análisis de correlación de Spearman. El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación y se obtuvo consentimiento de los padres. resultados: se evaluaron ocho niños con edad promedio de 8,9 años (6,1-13,7) y puntaje CARS entre 32 y 46. Se encontró mejor desempeño en habilidades gráficas y menor fluidez gráfica y verbal y de flexibilidad cognitiva. La edad tuvo correlación directa con el puntaje en memoria de trabajo y con la capacidad de planeación. Un puntaje de CARS alto se correlacionó con bajo rendimiento en flexibilidad cognitiva, memoria de trabajo y fluidez gráfica no semántica. conclusIón: los niños con TEA son susceptibles de presentar alteraciones significativas en tareas relacionadas con las funciones ejecutivas, lo que puede explicar la tendencia a la perseveración, incapacidad de cambio de criterio y conductas estereotipadas. Esta disfunción se correlaciona con la severidad del autismo y varía según la edad. Aunque esta alteración no es un fenómeno que se presente exclusivamente en el TEA, constituye un elemento a tener en cuenta al momento de evaluar estos niños.PALABRAS CLAVE: Escala de Valoración del Autismo Infantil, Evaluación Neuropsicológica Infantil, Funciones Ejecutivas, Trastorno del Espectro Autista (DECS). SUMMARYIntroductIon: executive function disturbances, especially in cognitive flexibility planning, inhibitory control and working memory constitute a cardinal element within the manifestations of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). objectIve: the aim of this research was to evaluate the performance of executive function tests in children with ASD. MaterIals and Methods: an observational study was conducted in children attending a rehabilitation institution. An analysis between the performance of the Childhood Neuropsychological assessment subtests, scores of CARS (Childhood Autism Rating Scale) and other variables was performed by a Spearman correlation test. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee and parental consent was obtained. results: we evaluated eight children with a mean age of 8.9 years (min: 6.1, max: 13.7) and CARS score between 32 and 46. Better performance was found in graphical abilities, less in graphical and verbal fluency and in cognitive flexibility. Age was directly correlated with scores on working memory and planning. A high CARS score was ...

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Real World Executive Control Impairments in Preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Cited by 50 publications

References 41 publications

Does the BRIEF-P Predict Specific Executive Function Components in Preschoolers?

Does the BRIEF-P Predict Specific Executive Function Components in Preschoolers?

Performance on the dimensional change card sort and backward digit span by young children with autism without intellectual disability

Trastorno del espectro autista y función ejecutiva

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