2021
DOI: 10.1167/jov.21.3.18
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Real-world objects are not stored in holistic representations in visual working memory

Abstract: When storing multiple objects in visual working memory, observers sometimes misattribute perceived features to incorrect locations or objects. These misattributions are called binding errors (or swaps) and have been previously demonstrated mostly in simple objects whose features are easy to encode independently and arbitrarily chosen, like colors and orientations. Here, we tested whether similar swaps can occur with real-world objects, where the connection between features is meaningful rather than arbitrary. … Show more

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Cited by 30 publications
(15 citation statements)
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References 97 publications
(174 reference statements)
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“…In perception, such errors (often called "illusory conjunctions") can be obtained under special conditions (Keele, Cohen, Ivry, Liotti, & Yee, 1988;Prinzmetal, Diedrichsen, & Ivry, 2001;Quinlan, 2003;Treisman & Schmidt, 1982). Incorrect binding of object features (such as color and orientation) also exist in VWM (Bays, Wu, & Husain, 2011;Markov, Utochkin, & Brady, 2021) and LTM (Utochkin, & Brady, 2020a). This raises many interesting and fundamental questions, such as a crucial question about the representational format of VWM (Fougnie, Asplund, & Marois, 2010;Kahneman, Treisman, & Gibbs, 1992;Luck & Vogel, 1997;Markov, Tiurina, & Utochkin, 2019;Markov, Utochkin, & Brady, 2021;Treisman, 1999;Wang, Theeuwes, Olivers, & Wang, 2016;Wheeler & Treisman, 2002; for review, see Brady, Konkle, & Alvarez, 2011;Suchow, Fougnie, Brady, & Alvarez, 2014).…”
Section: Binding In Vwmmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…In perception, such errors (often called "illusory conjunctions") can be obtained under special conditions (Keele, Cohen, Ivry, Liotti, & Yee, 1988;Prinzmetal, Diedrichsen, & Ivry, 2001;Quinlan, 2003;Treisman & Schmidt, 1982). Incorrect binding of object features (such as color and orientation) also exist in VWM (Bays, Wu, & Husain, 2011;Markov, Utochkin, & Brady, 2021) and LTM (Utochkin, & Brady, 2020a). This raises many interesting and fundamental questions, such as a crucial question about the representational format of VWM (Fougnie, Asplund, & Marois, 2010;Kahneman, Treisman, & Gibbs, 1992;Luck & Vogel, 1997;Markov, Tiurina, & Utochkin, 2019;Markov, Utochkin, & Brady, 2021;Treisman, 1999;Wang, Theeuwes, Olivers, & Wang, 2016;Wheeler & Treisman, 2002; for review, see Brady, Konkle, & Alvarez, 2011;Suchow, Fougnie, Brady, & Alvarez, 2014).…”
Section: Binding In Vwmmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, when a person put a smartphone and wallet in their left and right pockets, respectively, the person can later recollect which items are in the pockets but can swap their locations in memory and look for the wallet in the left pocket. As we recently showed, object-location errors are quite common in VWM tasks with everyday realworld objects (Markov et al, 2021). Due to the relevance of object-location memory for everyday performance, it is extensively studied from the individual differences (Cohen-Dallal, Soroker, & Pertzov, 2021;Liang et al, 2016;Lu et al, 2020;Pavisic et al, 2018;Pertzov, Heider, Liang, & Husain, 2015;Pertzov et al, 2013;Zokaei et al, 2017) and clinical perspectives (Pavisic, Suarez-Gonzalez, & Pertzov, 2020).…”
Section: Binding In Vwmmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Similar results hold for real-world stimuli. The state of a book (open or closed) is remembered or forgotten independently of its color or token identity (Brady, Konkle, Alvarez, & Oliva, 2013), and the identity and state of multiple real-world objects are independently swapped in VWM (Markov, Utochkin, & Brady, 2021). These effects are independent of natural-language encoding: They persist when subjects engage in articulatory suppression (Fougnie & Alvarez, 2011;Tikhonenko, Brady, & Utochkin, 2021), and preverbal infants can lose featural information in VWM but maintain a "featureless" pointer-like component of an object file (Kibbe & Leslie, 2011).…”
Section: Object Filesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, more striking evidence comes from the way in which featural information is "swapped" between objects. Participants often misremember a feature of one object as bound to another object (Bays, Catalao, & Husain, 2009), including for real-world stimuli (Markov et al, 2021;Utochkin & Brady, 2020). Even during multiple-object tracking, a stored feature of one object (e.g., a previewed numeral) may be swapped with another object if they come too close to each other during tracking (Pylyshyn, 2004).…”
Section: Object Filesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Spatial regularity is a special type of statistical regularity (Kaiser et al, 2019) that refers to the location of one object in relation to another object (e.g., a hat on a hook). People learn the spatial contingencies of various objects through long-term exposure in daily life, so they automatically retain the objects as larger coherent unitary representations in long-term memory (Gronau, Neta, & Bar, 2008; see anti-holistic integration evidence: Markov, Utochkin, & Brady, 2021). The spatial contingencies then work as spatial regularity to reduce the memory load imposed by relevant real-world objects (Brady & Tenenbaum, 2013).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%