Realgar increases defenses against infection by Enterococcus faecalis in Caenorhabditis elegans

Ma, Wenjuan; Yue, Jun; Liang, Shu; Gao, Meng; Wang, Xin; Cui, Na; Li, Hongyu; Zhi, Dejuan

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2020.113559

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Several lines of evidence indicate that C. elegans is a good model to study conserved aspects of toxic responses to arsenic. From worms to mammalian cell cultures, exposure to iAs activates the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade ( Inoue et al, 2005 , Kang and Lee, 2008 , Wang et al, 2013 ), induces Nrf/SKN-1 regulated phase II detoxification enzymes and protein folding‐sensitive molecular chaperones ( Del Razo et al, 2001 , Oliveira et al, 2009 , Tam and Wang, 2020 , Yu et al, 2016 ), alters innate immune function ( Dangleben et al, 2013 , Escudero-Lourdes, 2016 , Ma et al, 2021 ), and has similar effects on mitochondrial function ( Luz et al, 2016 , Luz et al, 2017 , Tam and Wang, 2020 ). The C. elegans model reflects some of the differing mammalian effects of organic vs. inorganic mercury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the effects of organic vs. inorganic arsenic and mercury in Caenorhabditis elegans

Camacho

Conti

Pogribny

et al. 2022

Current Research in Toxicology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the effects of organic vs. inorganic arsenic and mercury in Caenorhabditis elegans

Camacho

Conti

Pogribny

et al. 2022

Current Research in Toxicology

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“…The catechins and epicatechins of green tea could reduce fat content, increase the activity of SOD and CAT, and increase the lifespan of worms with defects in IIS pathway signaling factors and MAPK pathway signaling factors, which meant that the catechins and epicatechins of green tea had a positive effect on antiaging and anti-oxidation through improve the expression level of PMK-1/p38 MAPK, SKN-1/NRF2, and DAF-16/ FOXO (Tian et al, 2021). Realgar not only promoted the elimination of pathogenic bacteria to achieve antibacterial effect, but also enhanced heat resistance, which meant that realgar could stimulate the immune response and protective response to improve the defense ability of E. faecalis in C. elegans (W. Ma, Yue, et al, 2021). Swertiamarin inhibited PD through reducing α-syn deposition, blood lipid and ROS level, improving related mitochondrial activity, dopamine secretion and reducing cell apoptosis (T. Pandey et al, 2021).…”

Section: Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (Mapk) Signaling Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Caenorhabditis elegans in the evaluation of food nutrition: A review

Xiao

et al. 2023

eFood

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At present, more and more people are suffering from various diseases and it is particularly important to find a suitable biological model to evaluate the prevention and treatment effects of various drugs and active ingredients on diseases. In all biological models, Caenorhabditis elegans is a kind of organism that is easy to observe and cultivate, has a clear genetic background and a high degree of signal pathway conservation with humans. A variety of active ingredients such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, polypeptides, and vitamins exist from natural products, which has extremely high physiological functions and medicinal values. It is highly reliable to evaluate the trophic and functional properties of the active ingredients from natural products in C. elegans. The functional properties of the active ingredients from natural products such as antiaging, anti-oxidation, regulating lipid metabolism, preventing and treating Alzheimer's disease in C. elegans were clarified in this review. At the same time, its possible pathways were summarized. The literature revealed that it had great effect to evaluate the nutrition and functionality of the active ingredients from natural products in C. elegans. Finally, the shortcomings in this field and suggestions for further improvement in this field have been emphasized.

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“…Realgar promotes apoptosis of B cells from MRL/lpr mice by increasing Ca 2+ concentrations, reducing surface molecule activation, stimulating surface factor expression, and restraining its activation to reduce the production of antibodies, reduce MRL/lpr mouse autoimmune injury, and slow down the SLE course [ 71 ]. In addition, in Caenorhabditis elegans , realgar can alleviate the infection of wild-type N2, glp -4 mutant, and daf -2 mutant nematode strains by inducing both immune and protective responses and significantly increasing antibacterial effector levels, which leads to pathogen elimination [ 72 , 73 ].…”

Section: Realgarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Rational Application of Cinnabar, Realgar, and Their Formulations

Guan

et al. 2022

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Ethnopharmacological Relevance. Mineral medicines are widely used traditional Chinese medicines with curative effects. These medicines are used for many refractory diseases. Aim of the Review. In this review, cinnabar (HgS) and realgar (As₂S₂) serve as examples of mineral medicines, and their pharmacology, therapeutic toxicity, use in traditional medicine mixtures, and research perspectives are discussed. Materials and Methods. A search was performed for the literature on cinnabar and realgar in PubMed, the Chinese Pharmacopeia, Google, and other sources. The search included studies using single herbs, traditional formulations, or novel dosage forms. Results. Cinnabar and cinnabar formulas exhibit good efficacy for sedation, sleep improvement, anxiety alleviation, and brain protection. However, previous studies on neurotransmitters have reached different conclusions, and detailed pharmacological mechanisms are lacking. Realgar and its formulas exert promising antitumor activity through regulation of cell cycle arrest, intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis, induction of differentiation, autophagy, metabolic reprogramming, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) signaling, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In addition, realgar can be used to treat a variety of refractory diseases by regulating immunity and exerting antibacterial, antiviral, and other effects. However, the existing pharmacological research on the use of realgar for epidemic prevention is insufficient, and animal experiments and research at the cellular level are lacking. Inappropriate applications of cinnabar and realgar can cause toxicity, including neurotoxicity, liver toxicity, kidney toxicity, and genotoxicity. The toxicological mechanism is complex, and molecular-level research is limited. For clinical applications, theory and clinical experience must be combined to guide scientific and rational drug use and to achieve reduced toxicity and increased efficacy through the use of modern preparation methods or combined drugs. Notably, when cinnabar and realgar are used to treat targeted diseases, these agents have a bidirectional effect of “treatment” and “toxicity” on the central nervous system in pathological and normal states. The pharmacological and toxicological mechanisms need to be elucidated in greater detail in the future. Overall, systematic research is needed to provide a basis for better promotion of the rational use of cinnabar and realgar in the clinic. Conclusion. Mineral medicines are multicomponent, multiactivity, and multitargeted substances. The pharmacology and mechanisms of the toxicity and action of realgar and cinnabar are extremely complex. A number of Chinese medicinal preparations of realgar and cinnabar have demonstrated unique efficacy in the treatment of refractory diseases.

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Realgar increases defenses against infection by Enterococcus faecalis in Caenorhabditis elegans

Cited by 12 publications

References 38 publications

Assessment of the effects of organic vs. inorganic arsenic and mercury in Caenorhabditis elegans

Assessment of the effects of organic vs. inorganic arsenic and mercury in Caenorhabditis elegans

Application of Caenorhabditis elegans in the evaluation of food nutrition: A review

Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Rational Application of Cinnabar, Realgar, and Their Formulations

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