“…Better alternatives for care may not be included in the payer's plan. The best referral source for patients may also be hampered by other factors that are beyond the nurse case manager's control, such as institutional policies, treatment modalities, available community resources and the patient's entitlement to their use, institution's interest in cost-effective controls and quality of care, multiple role responsibilities, discrepancies in patients' and nurses' personal and professional values, culture, and religious beliefs (Allred et al, 1995;Anderson, Helms, & Kelly, 2004;Cooper et al, 2002Cooper et al, , 2004Corley, 1995;Jameton, 1993;Mullahy, 1995;Theis, 1986;Wilkinson, 1985Wilkinson, , 1989Wilkinson, , 1993.…”