“…Even though non-isolated DC-DC converters are more efficient, but face the drawbacks of a lower voltage gain than isolated converters [10]- [12]. Generally, an MPPT controller is linked with a SPV system for obtaining maximum power and to perform efficiently [13], [14]. Different MPPT controllers, such as perturb & observe (P&O), incremental and conductance (INC), particle swarm optimization (PSO), fuzzy logic control (FLC), artificial neural network (ANN), and so on, are linked to a DC-DC converter, which provides the appropriate switching pulse based on the load requirement and allows for the maximum power from SPV across the load.…”