Realising Serial Hybrid Energy Storage Systems (sHESS) by Implementing Switching Circuits on Battery Cell Level

Abstract

One approach to influence the current flow through the battery pack is to implement switching circuits. Two switching elements are necessary for each cell-stage to be bypassed or activated. This allows active load management. Thus the utilisation of the battery pack can be maximised in every situation. Adaptive control algorithms allow several kinds of operating strategies. Furthermore, dynamic output voltage can be generated to serve the best output for the downstream voltage level. A battery pack with an additional connection at its central point allows the generation of sine-shaped output voltages. As consequence of individual load management, different types of batteries or even different kinds of energy storages can be interconnected to built serial hybrid electrical energy storages. This novel approach allows precisely tailored battery packs for each application to enhance performance and energy supply.

Critical Review of Intelligent Battery Systems: Challenges, Implementation, and Potential for Electric Vehicles

“…Simple structures, such as the half bridge proposed by Darco et al [413], provide the basic functions for an RBS in serial configuration. The half bridge design is one of the most frequently used topologies for RBSs today [375,381,408,413,[433][434][435][436][437][438][439][440][441][442][443]. The main advantage of this topology is its low complexity.…”

“…A straightforward connection of microtopologies is based on a conventional battery system cell connection either in serial, parallel, or serial and parallel configuration (Figure 7a-d). Typically, RBS Type 1 often do have these configurations [375,379,437,441,442]. For MLI applications, the star configuration (Figure 7f) is utilized in most cases [470,474], since it delivers the highest output voltage for a given number of ESUs.…”

“…First, thoughts on the hybridization of battery storage systems are already found in publications on RBSs and MLIs [442,460,463,[492][493][494][495][496][497]. The most comprehensive and systematic collection of macrotopologies for HBSSs has been published by Zimmermann et al [498].…”

“…Based on Zimmermann et al [497,498], four macrotopologies of multiple ESUs are frequently used for HBSSs: parallel, serial, serial-parallel, and parallel-serial (see Figure 7a-d). The serial macrotopology is used by Horsche et al [442] to implement a serial HBSS with ESUs on cell level and switches in half bridge configuration.…”

“…Furthermore, it can conduct current in both forward and reverse directions [536]. Therefore, MOSFETs are widely used for IBS-functionalities in the literature [371,375,377,379,380,400,401,441,442,456,460,463,[529][530][531][543][544][545][546][547][548][549][550][551].…”