Realistic torso phantom for calibration of in-vivo transuranic-nuclide counting facilities.

Abstract

A realistic torso phantom with average body size of Japanese adult males has been developed for the calibration of counting systems used for in-vivo measurements of plutonium and other actinides. The phantom contains removable model organs (lungs, liver, kidneys and heart), model trachea and artificial rib cage, and also includes chest plates that can be placed over the chest to simulate wide range adipose/muscle ratio in the human chest.Tissue substitutes used in the phantom were made of polyurethane with different concentrations of ester of phosphoric acid. Model lungs were made of foamed polyurethane with small quantities of the additive, and the artificial rib cage was made of epoxy resin with calcium carbonate. The experimental data have shown that the phantom can be used as a standard phantom for the calibration.

Utilisation des fantômes numériques voxélisés pour l'amélioration des étalonnages en anthroporadiamétrie pulmonaire

“…• le fantôme de Livermore, décrit précédemment et déclaré par consensus fantôme standard d'étalonnage pour les hommes de type caucasien, • le fantôme JAERI, correspondant à l'homme standard japonais (Shirotani, 1988), • le fantôme RANDO (Beau et Le Grand, 1970), premier fantôme à avoir été utilisé pour l'étalonnage des systèmes d'anthroporadiamétrie basse énergie et qui n'est plus utilisé à l'heure actuelle.…”

Development of Three Kinds of Tissue Substitutes for a Physical Phantom in Neutron Dosimetry

“…In order to evaluate the equivalence of an actual tissue substitute to a tissue, the ratios of absorbed doses in tissue substitutes to those in the actual tissues themselves were used. For all tissue substitute cases, the numerical tissue equivalence target was fixed between 0.9 and 1.1 for neu- trons of 2 MeV over all the regions of the slab, so as to satisfy the condition that the characteristics of the new tissue substitutes be superior to those of existing ones, [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] as shown in a later section. For the quantitative optimizations of each element in the tissue substitutes, the selected main parameters were the atomic densities of hydrogen and oxygen atoms, because of their superiority in terms of numbers of atoms and their relatively large kerma factors.…”

“…9 through 11, and are compared with those of existing tissue substitutes. 2,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Figure 9 shows that the tissue equivalence of NAN-JAERI is between 1.0 and 1.1, as good as water, and better than those of A-150 and TEP-NIRS. In the case of HAI-JAERI, in Fig.…”

“…Some liquid soft tissue substitutes 3,4) with tissue-equivalent elemental composition and density have been developed, but these materials are difficult to handle during experiments. Presently, there are many kinds of lung and skeletal tissue substitutes, [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] as well as soft tissue substitutes, but most of the elemental compositions are not in all cases suitable for neutron dosimetry, from the view point of the interaction of neutrons with the tissue substitutes.…”

Intercomparison of JAERI Torso Phantom Lung Sets

“…The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) sponsored a coordinated research proposal (CRP) in 1995. The CRP was to perform an international Intercomparison of In Vivo counting systems using a Reference Asian Phantom (1). The CRP featured a commercially available phantom designed at the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) to represent the torso of an average Asian male.…”