“Reality Anchors”: Bringing Cues from Reality into VR on Public Transport to Alleviate Safety and Comfort Concerns

Bajorunaite, Laura; Brewster, Stephen; Williamson, Julie R.

doi:10.1145/3491101.3519696

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The survey also found that respondents are concerned about unwanted interaction with others and being judged by the passengers sitting around them (Bajorunaite et al 2021). In this line of thought, incorporating actual passengers into a virtual environment through avatars results in decreased security concerns and higher social acceptance (Bajorunaite et al 2022). Therefore, the lack of situational awareness is one of the main problems for the public use of VR application (Williamson et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cybersickness with passenger VR in the aircraft: Influence of turbulence and VR content

Mittelstaedt,

Huelmann,

Marggraf-Micheel

et al. 2024

Virtual Reality

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Using VR in the airplane cabin is appealing, primarily because of the enhanced entertainment value, increased privacy, and improved recreational opportunities provided by higher levels of immersion. However, VR applications in aircrafts contain the risk of passengers developing cybersickness. The particular environment of a moving aircraft in interaction with visual representation of movements in VR could lead to severe cybersickness, especially during turbulence. We had 129 participants experience VR in a full flight simulator with different content (static or dynamic VR clips) and during varying phases of flight including turbulence. The employed simulator is equipped with a cabin module, creating an economically valid environment. VR induced significant but mild symptoms of cybersickness. Nausea and dizziness symptoms were most severe during turbulence and especially with dynamic VR content being presented. More anxious participants tended to report more symptoms. In addition, there was an association with video game use and attitudes toward new technologies. While mild content and short exposure times only led to fairly low expressions of cybersickness, a long-term use of VR under turbulence could possibly become a concern. Airlines should especially address passengers’ negative attitudes toward new technologies, and VR in particular, to reduce fears and the risk of low tolerability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cybersickness with passenger VR in the aircraft: Influence of turbulence and VR content

Mittelstaedt,

Huelmann,

Marggraf-Micheel

et al. 2024

Virtual Reality

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“…The use of Virtual and Augmented Reality (collectively XR) in transport settings, such as autonomous vehicles [17,46,51], trains/buses [4,5,49] and aeroplanes [2,36,45,60] is becoming an area of research and industrial focus. Early vehicular VR research instrumented cars with orientation, velocity and location sensors and used the data to drive immersive game [16] or media [29] experiences that followed the motion of the car.…”

Section: Vr On Passenger Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on these principles, researchers have developed several applications, including driver interfaces [8,12], rear-seat productivity [23], mindfulness experiences [40], AR games [56] and motion sickness mitigations [24,29], a key challenge in vehicular XR [30]. More recently, research and industry has broadened the use of VR to planes [2,36,45,60], trains [5,49] and buses [4]. However, travel spaces are very different from traditional XR interaction spaces in homes and offices, and research is only beginning to explore how XR experiences should be designed to suit the physical and social constraints of transport seating.…”

Section: Vr On Passenger Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Lack of Restraint: Comparing Virtual Reality Interaction Techniques for Constrained Transport Seating

Wilson

McGill

Medeiros

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics

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Standalone Virtual Reality (VR) headsets can be used when travelling in cars, trains and planes. However, the constrained spaces around transport seating can leave users with little physical space in which to interact using their hands or controllers, and can increase the risk of invading other passengers' personal space or hitting nearby objects and surfaces. This hinders transport VR users from using most commercial VR applications, which are designed for unobstructed 1-2m 360°home spaces. In this paper, we investigated whether three at-a-distance interaction techniques from the literature could be adapted to support common commercial VR movement inputs and so equalise the interaction capabilities of at-home and on-transport users: Linear Gain, Gaze-Supported Remote Hand, and AlphaCursor. First, we analysed commercial VR experiences to identify the most common movement inputs so that we could create gamified tasks based on them. We then investigated how well each technique could support these inputs from a constrained 50x50cm space (representative of an economy plane seat) through a user study (N=16), where participants played all three games with each technique. We measured task performance, unsafe movements (play boundary violations, total arm movement) and subjective experience and compared results to a control 'at-home' condition (with unconstrained movement) to determine how similar performance and experience were. Results showed that Linear Gain was the best technique, with similar performance and user experience to the 'at-home' condition, albeit at the expense of a high number of boundary violations and large arm movements. In contrast, AlphaCursor kept users within bounds and minimised arm movement, but suffered from poorer performance and experience. Based on the results, we provide eight guidelines for the use of, and research into, at-a-distance techniques and constrained spaces.

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The impact of human agents on spatial navigation and knowledge acquisition in a Virtual Environment

Sánchez-Pacheco,

Sarría-Mosquera,

Gärtner

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Concepts of spatial navigation rest on the idea of landmarks, which are immobile features or objects in the environment. However, behaviorally relevant objects or fellow humans are often mobile. This raises the question of how the presence of human agents influences spatial exploration and knowledge acquisition. Here, we investigate exploration and performance in subsequent spatial tasks within a virtual environment containing numerous human avatars. In the exploration phase, agents had a locally limited effect on navigation. They prompted participants to revisit locations with agents during their initial exploration without significantly altering overall exploration patterns or the extent of the area covered. However, agents and buildings competed for visual attention. When spatial recall was tested, pointing accuracy toward buildings improved when participants directed their attention to the buildings and nearby agents. In contrast, pointing accuracy for agents showed weaker performance and did not benefit from visual attention directed toward the adjacent building. Active agents and incongruent agent-environment pairings further enhanced pointing accuracy, revealing that violations of expectations by agents can significantly shape navigational knowledge acquisition. Overall, agents influenced spatial exploration by directing attention locally, with the interaction between agent salience and environmental features playing a key role in shaping navigational knowledge acquisition.

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“Reality Anchors”: Bringing Cues from Reality into VR on Public Transport to Alleviate Safety and Comfort Concerns

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

Cybersickness with passenger VR in the aircraft: Influence of turbulence and VR content

Cybersickness with passenger VR in the aircraft: Influence of turbulence and VR content

A Lack of Restraint: Comparing Virtual Reality Interaction Techniques for Constrained Transport Seating

The impact of human agents on spatial navigation and knowledge acquisition in a Virtual Environment

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