Due to the low sulfur utilization, slow battery kinetics, and shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), the practical application of lithium−sulfur (Li−S) batteries is severely limited. Understanding the reaction mechanism is very important for the design and application of high-performance batteries. Herein, the adsorption mechanism of LiPSs, the reaction mechanism of a battery electrode, and the catalytic decomposition of LiPSs on pristine, single-atom, and dual-atom doping C 9 N 4 (C 9 N 4 , M/C 9 N 4 , and M 1 −M 2 /C 9 N 4 ) nanosheets are comprehensively considered for the first time. Through bond length analysis, charge analysis, and energy analysis, the doping of metal atoms, especially co-doping of V and Zn atoms (Zn−V/C 9 N 4 ), can greatly improve the adsorption performance of material C 9 N 4 . More importantly, Zn−V/C 9 N 4 can significantly reduce the reaction energy barrier of the battery electrode (0.144 eV) and the decomposition energy barrier of Li 2 S (0.661 eV). The simulation results show that high catalytic activity depends on the unique dorbital coupling and the ″pull″ effect of metal co-doping. These findings are crucial to understanding the role of dual-atom doping carbon materials in the design of cathode materials to cope with the performance constraints in lithium−sulfur batteries. We hope that this research idea can also be applied to other dual-atom systems.