Realization of a three-dimensional spin–anisotropic harmonic honeycomb iridate

Modic, K. A.; Smidt, Tess; Kimchi, Itamar; Breznay, Nicholas; Biffin, Alun; Choi, Sungkyun; Johnson, Roger A.; Coldea, R.; Watkins-Curry, Pilanda; McCandless, Gregory T.; Chan, Julia Y.; Gándara, Felipe; Islam, Zahirul; Vishwanath, Ashvin; Shekhter, Arkady; McDonald, R. D.; Analytis, James

doi:10.1038/ncomms5203

Cited by 273 publications

(355 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…(ii) Material search and the experimental fingerprint of the mixed three-loop braiding statistics. There are several possible experimental realizations of Z 2 spin liquids, such as the so-called Kitaev spin liquid state in the lattices in β-and γ-Li 2 IrO 3 [85][86][87][88][89][90][91]. By further considering the unbroken Z 2 Ising symmetry, the resulting ground state should exhibit SET orders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symmetry enrichment in three-dimensional topological phases

Ning

Liu

2016

Phys. Rev. B

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While two-dimensional symmetry-enriched topological phases (SETs) have been studied intensively and systematically, three-dimensional ones are still open issues. We propose an algorithmic approach of imposing global symmetry Gs on gauge theories (denoted by GT) with gauge group Gg. The resulting symmetric gauge theories are dubbed "symmetry-enriched gauge theories" (SEG), which may be served as low-energy effective theories of three-dimensional symmetric topological quantum spin liquids. We focus on SEGs with gauge group Gg = ZN 1 × ZN 2 × · · · and on-site unitary symmetry group Gs = ZK 1 × ZK 2 × · · · or Gs = U(1) × ZK 1 × · · · . Each SEG(Gg, Gs) is described in the path integral formalism associated with certain symmetry assignment. From the path-integral expression, we propose how to physically diagnose the ground state properties (i.e., SET orders) of SEGs in experiments of charge-loop braidings (patterns of symmetry fractionalization) and the mixed multi-loop braidings among deconfined loop excitations and confined symmetry fluxes. From these symmetry-enriched properties, one can obtain the map from SEGs to SETs. By giving full dynamics to background gauge fields, SEGs may be eventually promoted to a set of new gauge theories (denoted by GT * ). Based on their gauge groups, GT * s may be further regrouped into different classes each of which is labeled by a gauge group G * g . Finally, a web of gauge theories involving GT, SEG, SET and GT * is achieved. We demonstrate the above symmetry-enrichment physics and the web of gauge theories through many concrete examples.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symmetry enrichment in three-dimensional topological phases

Ning

Liu

2016

Phys. Rev. B

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“…Honeycomb-lattice Na 2 IrO 3 , 7-10 α, β, γ-Li 2 IrO 3 , 11,13,15 and hyperkagomelattice Na 4 Ir 3 O 8 (Na-438) [17][18][19][20] are being intensively explored along this research interest. Throughout thermodynamic measurements, 7,11,13,15 resonant inelastic Xray 8,14,16 and neutron scattering experiments 9,10 , the nature of low-temperature magnetic phases in all the honeycomb iridate compounds has been mostly clarified.…”

Section: Pacs Numbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature of the possible magnetic phases in a frustrated hyperkagome iridate

Shindou

2016

Phys. Rev. B

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Based on Kitaev-Heisenberg model with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interactions, we studied nature of possible magnetic phases in frustrated hyperkagome iridate, Na4Ir3O8 (Na-438). Using Monte-Carlo simulation, we showed that the phase diagram is mostly covered by two competing magnetic ordered phases; Z2 symmetry breaking (SB) phase and Z6 SB phase, latter of which is stabilized by the classical order by disorder. These two phases are intervened by a first order phase transition line with Z8-like symmetry. The critical nature at the Z6 SB ordering temperature is characterized by the 3D XY universality class, below which U(1) to Z6 crossover phenomena appears; the Z6 spin anisotropy becomes irrelevant in a length scale shorter than a crossover length Λ * while becomes relevant otherwise. A possible phenomenology of polycrystalline Na-438 is discussed based on this crossover phenomena.

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“…3 A lot of experimental effort has been focused on iridium oxides belonging to the A 2 IrO 3 family [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] and, more recently, to α−RuCl 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection of direction of the ordered moments inNa2IrO3andα−RuCl3

2016

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The magnetic orders in Na2IrO3 and α−RuCl3, honeycomb systems with strong spin-orbit coupling and correlations, have been recently described by models with the dominant Kitaev interactions. In this work we discuss how the orientation of the magnetic order parameter is selected in this class of models. We show that while the order-by-disorder mechanism in the models with solely Kitaev anisotropies always select cubic axes as easy axes for magnetic ordering, the additional effect of other small bond-dependent anisotropies, such as, e.g., Γ-terms, lead to a deviation of the order parameter from the cubic directions. We show that both the zigzag ground state and the face-diagonal orientation of the magnetic moments in Na2IrO3 can be obtained within the J1 − K1 − J2 − K2 − J3 model in the presence of perturbatively small Γ-terms. We also show that the zigzag phase found in the nearest neighbor Kitaev-Heisenberg model, relevant for α−RuCl3, has some stability against the Γ-term.

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Realization of a three-dimensional spin–anisotropic harmonic honeycomb iridate

Cited by 273 publications

References 22 publications

Symmetry enrichment in three-dimensional topological phases

Symmetry enrichment in three-dimensional topological phases

Nature of the possible magnetic phases in a frustrated hyperkagome iridate

Selection of direction of the ordered moments inNa2IrO3andα−RuCl3

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