Realizing enhanced energy storage and hardness performances in 0.90NaNbO3−0.10Bi(Zn0.5Sn0.5)O3 ceramics

Abstract

Ceramic dielectric capacitors have a broad scope of application in pulsed power supply devices. Relaxor behavior has manifested decent energy storage capabilities in dielectric materials due to its fast polarization response. In addition, an ultrahigh energy storage density can also be achieved in NaNbO3 (NN)-based ceramics by combining antiferroelectric and relaxor characteristics. Most of the existing reports about lead-free dielectric ceramics, nevertheless, still lack the relevant research about domain evolution and relaxor behavior. Therefore, a novel lead-free solid solution, (1−x)NaNbO3−xBi(Zn0.5Sn0.5)O3 (abbreviated as xBZS, x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20) was designed to analyze the domain evolution and relaxor behavior. Domain evolutions in xBZS ceramics confirmed the contribution of the relaxor behavior to their decent energy storage characteristics caused by the fast polarization rotation according to the low energy barrier of polar nanoregions (PNRs). Consequently, a high energy storage density of 3.14 J/cm3 and energy efficiency of 83.30% are simultaneously available with 0.10BZS ceramics, together with stable energy storage properties over a large temperature range (20–100 °C) and a wide frequency range (1–200 Hz). Additionally, for practical applications, the 0.10BZS ceramics display a high discharge energy storage density (Wdis ≈ 1.05 J/cm3), fast discharge rate (t0.9 ≈ 60.60 ns), and high hardness (H ≈ 5.49 GPa). This study offers significant insights on the mechanisms of high performance lead-free ceramic energy storage materials.

High-Energy Storage Properties over a Broad Temperature Range in La-Modified BNT-Based Lead-Free Ceramics

“…According to previous studies, , some PNRs merged into percolation clusters and then developed into nanodomains. The nanodomains in relaxors are highly responsive to external fields and easily align and back-switch because of their high dynamics and low energy barriers, which render them having a small hysteresis loss and a low switching electrical field . These features of PNRs in relaxors contribute to achieving slender P – E loops, which is conducive to energy storage performance …”

“…In contrast, because it is in an ER state under zero electric field, the 0.12La sample exhibits more scarce local polar regions with reduced size in PNRs. According to previous studies, 50,65 some PNRs merged into percolation clusters and then developed into nanodomains. The nanodomains in relaxors are highly responsive to external fields and easily align and back-switch because of their high dynamics and low energy barriers, which render them having a small hysteresis loss and a low switching electrical field.…”

“…The nanodomains in relaxors are highly responsive to external fields and easily align and back-switch because of their high dynamics and low energy barriers, which render them having a small hysteresis loss and a low switching electrical field. 65 These features of PNRs in relaxors contribute to achieving slender P−E loops, which is conducive to energy storage performance. 66 To further reveal the existence of the dynamic PNRs in xLa ceramics, the domain structures of xLa (x = 0.04 and 0.12) ceramics are explored by the out-of-plane PFM.…”

Realizing high energy density and efficiency simultaneously in (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.7Sr0.3TiO3-based ceramics via introducing linear dielectric CaTiO3

“…Although the PFM technique only reveals the local phenomena, they can be used to logically account for the decent macroscopic energy storage properties based on the microscopic reversible transition during voltage application and removal. 65,66 These results indicate that the introduction of an appropriate amount of CT is benecial for inducing highly dynamic PNRs and realizing high h. To better understand the change in the local structure evolution, Raman spectroscopy (100-1000 cm À1 ) for all compositions is carried out at room temperature, as exhibited in Fig. S3.…”

Regulating local electric field to optimize the energy storage performance of antiferroelectric ceramics via a composite strategy

“…However, traditional FEs are unsuitable for dielectric energy storage because of the high P r . RFEs with higher P max and lower P r are conducive to energy storage applications, which can be obtained by destroying FE domains through chemical modification [10,11]. Different from FEs and RFEs, AFEs have the AFE-FE and FE-AFE phase transitions, and the forward switching (AFE-FE) field E F and backward switching (FE-AFE) field E A are also critical parameters for the energy storage performance, as shown in Fig.…”