“…On the one hand, the MBD effect is detrimental to crystal-based monochromators because it may affect the output intensity at particular energy positions by significantly reducing the efficiency of the primary diffracted beam (Van der laan & Thole, 1988;Tang et al, 2015). On the other hand, the MBD effect has drawn much attention in recent decades for its many applications, including structure phase determination (Weckert & Hü mmer, 1997;Shen, 1998); X-ray energy calibration (Arthur, 1989); X-ray polarization analyses (Shen & Finkelstein, 1992); and revealing surface structure information via a specific MBD geometry, otherwise known as Bragg surface diffraction (Lang et al, 2013;Huang, Jia et al, 2014;Huang, Peng et al, 2014).…”