Realizing quantum materials with Helium: Helium films at ultralow temperatures, from strongly correlated atomically layered films to topological superfluidity

Saunders, J.

doi:10.1142/9789813271340_0012

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…The properties of ideal Fermi and Bose gases are the starting points for the understanding of the low-temperature behaviour of a broad range of physical systems, including electrons in metals [1,2], the helium liquids [3,4] and systems of trapped gases [5]. Associated with these is interest in systems of lower dimensionality including graphene [6], helium films [7] and ultra-cold atoms in quasi-1d and quasi-2d traps [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Chemical Potential of Ideal Fermi and Bose Gases

Cowan

2019

J Low Temp Phys

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Knowledge of the chemical potential is essential in application of the Fermi-Dirac and the Bose-Einstein distribution functions for the calculation of properties of quantum gases. We give expressions for the chemical potential of ideal Fermi and Bose gases in 1, 2 and 3 dimensions in terms of inverse polylogarithm functions. We provide Mathematica functions for these chemical potentials together with low-and hightemperature series expansions. In the 3d Bose case we give also expansions about T B. The Mathematica routines for the series allow calculation to arbitrary order.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Chemical Potential of Ideal Fermi and Bose Gases

Cowan

2019

J Low Temp Phys

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“…Furthermore, the successful design, fabrication, and use of a nanofabricated stepped-height sample container is the latest step into the microkelvin studies of topological mesoscopic superfluidity. The method enables the creation of hybrid nanofluidic devices by sculpture of the order parameter [34]. Future variations of such structures -combining the flexibility of confinement geometry with in situ tuneable boundary condition [33] -provide unprecedented versatility to study and harness the emergent topologically protected surface-, interface-, and edge-bound low-energy states [34,[57][58][59][60].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here we present a versatile nanofabricated stepped-height sample container for SQUID-based nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies. In such a container, the state of the superfluid 3 He is tuned by confinement, which allows creating several essentially isolated volumes of superfluid within a single measurement platform [33,34]. Our container has nearly atomically smooth surfaces in five such "isolated" phasenucleation volumes, eliminating the heterogeneous nucleation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanofluidic platform for studying the first-order phase transitions in superfluid helium-3

Heikkinen,

Eng,

Levitin

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The symmetry-breaking first-order phase transition between superfluid phases 3 He-A and 3 He-B can be triggered extrinsically by ionising radiation or heterogeneous nucleation arising from the details of the sample cell construction. However, the role of potential homogeneous intrinsic nucleation mechanisms remains elusive. Discovering and resolving the intrinsic processes may have cosmological consequences, since an analogous first-order phase transition, and the production of gravitational waves, has been predicted for the very early stages of the expanding Universe in many extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics. Here we introduce a new approach for probing the phase transition in superfluid 3 He. The setup consists of a novel stepped-height nanofluidic sample container with close to atomically smooth walls. The 3 He is confined in five tiny nanofabricated volumes and assayed non-invasively by NMR. Tuning of the state of 3 He by confinement is used to isolate each of these five volumes so that the phase transitions in them can occur independently and free from any obvious sources of heterogeneous nucleation. The small volumes also ensure that the transitions triggered by ionising radiation are strongly suppressed. Here we present the preliminary measurements using this setup, showing both strong supercooling of 3 He-A and superheating of 3 He-B, with stochastic processes dominating the phase transitions between the two. The objective is to study the nucleation as a function of temperature and pressure over the full phase diagram, to both better test the proposed extrinsic mechanisms and seek potential parallel intrinsic mechanisms.

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“…The problem of 4 He atoms deposited on solid substrates has been identified for many decades as a bosonic many-body problem that could exhibit a rich phase diagram including the possibility of dimensional crossover [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Graphite was first recognized as an ideal twodimensional substrate due to its exceptional homogeneity, [9] and extensive experimental [10,11] and theoretical studies [12][13][14] have demonstrated that under the right circumstances a superfluid He film can develop on the graphite surface.…”

Section: Introduction a Helium On Two-dimensional Materials: A Many-b...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Dimensional Bose-Hubbard Model for Helium on Graphene

Yu,

Lauricella,

Elsayed

et al. 2021

Preprint

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An exciting development in the field of correlated systems is the possibility of realizing twodimensional (2D) phases of quantum matter. For a systems of bosons, an example of strong correlations manifesting themselves in a 2D environment is provided by helium adsorbed on graphene. We construct the effective Bose-Hubbard model for this system which involves hard-core bosons (U ≈ ∞), repulsive nearest-neighbor (V > 0) and small attractive (V < 0) next-nearest neighbor interactions. The mapping onto the Bose-Hubbard model is accomplished by a variety of many-body techniques which take into account the strong He-He correlations on the scale of the graphene lattice spacing. Unlike the case of dilute ultracold atoms where interactions are effectively point-like, the detailed microscopic form of the short range electrostatic and long range dispersion interactions in the helium-graphene system are crucial for the emergent Bose-Hubbard description. The result places the ground state of the first layer of 4 He adsorbed on graphene deep in the commensurate solid phase with 1/3 of the sites on the dual triangular lattice occupied. Because the parameters of the effective Bose-Hubbard model are very sensitive to the exact lattice structure, this opens up an avenue to tune quantum phase transitions in this solid-state system.

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Realizing quantum materials with Helium: Helium films at ultralow temperatures, from strongly correlated atomically layered films to topological superfluidity

Cited by 5 publications

References 135 publications

On the Chemical Potential of Ideal Fermi and Bose Gases

On the Chemical Potential of Ideal Fermi and Bose Gases

Nanofluidic platform for studying the first-order phase transitions in superfluid helium-3

Two-Dimensional Bose-Hubbard Model for Helium on Graphene

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