“…[11,12] Simultaneously, the unpredicted side reactions, especially for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), inevitably cause pH increase and continuous consumption of electrolytes [13,14] (Figure 1a), which are more obvious at extreme temperatures. [15] At high temperatures, the side reactions, especially HER, are greatly aggravated due to drastic thermodynamics and kinetics. On the other hand, the low temperature would lead to an increased electrolyte viscosity, which would further block the mass transfer and enlarge the desolvation barriers, leading to sluggish rate performance and short cycle lifespan.…”