Realojamento em zonas de fronteira urbana. O caso da Quinta da Vitória, Loures

Abstract

Desde pelo menos o início dos anos 60 que a Área Metropolitana de Lisboa via crescer a olhos vivos os bairros de barracas, particularmente na sua principal linha de fronteira, a Estrada Militar. Com uma forte carga simbólica no imaginário dos moradores da capital e dos seus visitantes, os bairros de barracas traçavam, juntamente com as principais vias de acesso, a separação entre Lisboa e os concelhos vizinhos. Os seus moradores, destinatários principais dos estigmas associados à pobreza, viveram décadas nestes bairros.Na AML, o município de Loures está entre os concelhos com maior número de bairros inscritos no Programa Especial de Realojamento (PER). Com início em 1993, esta política de habitação social que previa acabar com as barracas realojou milhares de famílias nos mesmos concelhos de residência dos moradores mal alojados. Ainda assim, muitas famílias continuam sem saber onde nem quando serão realojados. A Quinta da Vitória é um dos núcleos residenciais do PER de Loures e a história deste bairro não pode ser contada sem olhar para a história do crescimento da cidade de Lisboa. É esse contexto específico que trarei para debate neste artigo, reflectindo sobre algumas das questões associadas à porosidade das fronteiras urbanas, tais como segregação residencial, condições para a mobilidade e crescimento urbano recente.

Locating portuguese hindus: transnationality in urban settings

“…This enabled the resettled families and those waiting for resettlement to maintain contact and to keep their daily routines. In this case, then, the resettlement did not introduce a dramatic spatial segregation, which is what usually happens because the informal settlements of Greater Lisbon slums were normally more central than the housing estates where families were resettled (Cachado, 2011). Because the resettlement program did not resettle all families, some Hindu families in Quinta da Vitória opted to migrate to Britain.…”

Informal Modes of Governance: Negotiating Evictions and Housing Rights in Lisbon, Portugal

“…This research is contextualised by diverse housing crises in Portugal, involving varied characteristics over the years. The long-term housing struggles have been linked to rural to urban migration and migration from the former Portuguese colonies to centre, triggering the phenomenon of self-build housing (Beja Horta, 2006;Cachado, 2011;Guerra, 2010). The 'new housing question,' in turn, is intrinsically linked to the role of financial capital in the housing sector (A. C. Santos, 2019a).…”

“Lending a hand”: the well-intentioned work of a non-profit organisation on the outskirts of neoliberal Lisbon

“…The programme succeeded in providing for new homes, but often failed to solve the vulnerability associated with living in informal neighbourhoods, as this article will show. As Das and Poole (2004) point out, a better understanding of the phenomena at the marginsconsidering that Quinta do Mocho was physically, economically, and symbolically on the periphery of the centre of power and the capital (Cachado, 2011) -, should depart from the weberian analytic perspective that conceives the state as a form of rational political organisation stronger at its core and weaker at its social and territorial limits. The authors argued for an anthropology of the margins of the state which conceptualises the limits as necessary parts of its relation to the centre, just as the exception is a necessary component of the rule.…”

“…Local nuances of different informal construction neighbourhoods were reduced to operational concepts under PERpoverty, delinquency and crimeand housing policies materialised as measures to act upon and govern the population (Burchell et al, 1991). The hygienist objective, which had pervaded housing policies since the beginning of the twentieth century (Cachado, 2011) and that had justified the intervention in these territories and the populations living there, was the foundation behind the idea of Lisbon as a modern city (Adorno, 1999;Wacquant, 2008). The programme succeeded in providing for new homes, but often failed to solve the vulnerability associated with living in informal neighbourhoods, as this paper will show.…”