Objective
To evaluate whether weight change since age 18, current body mass index (BMI), and BMI at age 18 are associated with fecundity.
Methods
Our study included 1,950 women currently attempting pregnancy in the Nurses’ Health Study 3 (2010–2014), a prospective cohort study. Height, current weight, and weight at age 18 were self-reported on the baseline questionnaire. Every 3 to 6 months thereafter, women reported the current duration of their pregnancy attempt. Multivariable accelerated failure time models were used to estimate the time ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results
For every 5 kg increase in body weight from age 18, current duration of pregnancy attempt increased by 5% (95% CI 3, 7%). Compared to women who maintained weight, the adjusted median current duration was 0.5 months shorter in those who lost weight, 0.3 months longer for those who gained 4–9.9 kg and 10–19.9 kg, and 1.4 months longer for those who gained ≥20 kg (p-trend= <0.001). The adjusted time ratio (95% CI) for a 5 kg/m2 increase in current BMI was 1.08 (1.04, 1.12). After multivariable adjustment (including adjustment for current BMI), being underweight at age 18 (BMI < 18.5) was associated with a longer current duration of pregnancy attempt compared to normal weight women (time ratio: 1.25 95% CI 1.07, 1.47); however being overweight or obese at age 18 was not associated with fecundity.
Conclusions
Gaining weight in adulthood, being overweight or obese in adulthood, and being underweight at age 18 were associated with a modest reduction in fecundity.