Reappraisal of Lung Tap: Review of an Old Method for Better Etiologic Diagnosis of Childhood Pneumonia

Vuori-Holopainen, Elina; Peltola, Heikki

doi:10.1086/319213

Cited by 79 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Laboratory methods for identifying Hib as the cause of pneumonia are problematic. Lung taps can be used to identify the etiology of pneumonia with peripheral consolidation or pleural effusion [14]. However, the procedure cannot be used to identify the etiology of nonconsolidative pneumonia, and many clinicians feel that lung aspirates are too invasive for routine use.…”

Section: Pneumoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention ofHaemophilus influenzaetype b disease: past success and future challenges

Chandran¹,

Watt²,

Santosham³

2005

Expert Review of Vaccines

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Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in children under 5 years of age. In countries where the Hib conjugate vaccine is not routinely used, Hib is a leading cause of childhood pneumonia and meningitis. Routine use of the Hib conjugate vaccines has resulted in a remarkable decline in Hib disease in developed and developing countries. However, Hib conjugate vaccines are not routinely available in most developing countries, many of which have high burdens of Hib disease. This review outlines the pathogenesis and epidemiology of Hib disease, and the various options for prevention.

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Section: Pneumoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention ofHaemophilus influenzaetype b disease: past success and future challenges

Chandran¹,

Watt²,

Santosham³

2005

Expert Review of Vaccines

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“…However, bacteremia is rare in pneumonia, and the observed rates for bacteremic pneumonia undoubtedly underestimated the true role of Hib in acute lower respiratory tract infections [11]. The "gold standard" procedure for etiological diagnosis is percutaneous lung tap (aspiration), and this technique has been practiced in Africa at least since the 1930s [82]. Lung tap results were available from Nigeria [83][84][85][86], The Gambia [11,87,88], and Zimbabwe [89], but unfortunately, major methodological problems in bacteriology were obvious in some study reports [85,86].…”

Section: Characteristics Of Hib Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burden of Meningitis and Other Severe Bacterial Infections of Children in Africa: Implications for Prevention

Peltola

2001

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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120

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Apart from meningococcal disease in the sub-Saharan meningitis belt, the incidence and impact of life-threatening bacterial diseases in children across Africa have not been quantified. The clinical and epidemiological data on pneumococcal, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), and other forms of bacterial meningitis, as well as data on other severe bacterial infections throughout the continent were scrutinized. Pneumococci were the leading causative agents of nonepidemic meningitis and other bacteremic diseases, followed by Hib. Meningococcal diseases were less common. Mortality rates associated with pneumococcal, Hib, and meningococcal meningitis were 549 (45%) of 1211 patients, 389 (29%) of 1352 patients, and 104 (8%) of 1236 patients, respectively; sequelae occurred in 50%, 40%, and 10% of cases. At 0-4 years of age, the estimated incidences of Hib meningitis and all classic Hib diseases were 70 and 100 cases per 100,000 population per year, accounting for approximately 90,000 and 120,000 cases per year, respectively. Including older age groups and, especially, nonbacteremic Hib pneumonia in the estimates of Hib disease in Africa increased the overall numbers manifold; the numbers of pneumococcal infections were even greater. The only realistic way to combat these severe infections efficaciously would be through widespread vaccination, starting with Hib conjugates.

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“…Blood culture is not acceptable way to identify bacterial pneumonia [8][9][10] and specimens from interstitial tissue is technically difficult and need experience personnel and it is risky procedure [9,11]. Therefore, chest X-ray can give useful information about the presence of pneumonia [12]. Due to the burden of pneumonia WHO established standard categorization for radiological pneumonia [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiological Findings in Severe Pneumonia in Children 1-59 Months in a Children’s Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan

Salih¹,

Wahb²,

Ibrahim³

2012

Pediatr Therapeut

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Objective: This prospective hospital base study was conducted to examine the role of chest radiography in diagnosis of pneumonia in children and correlate the severity of the disease with radiological findings.Methods: A total of 156 cases aged 1-59 months admitted through the Emergency Room with severe pneumonia were enrolled over 24 hours/day admissions, once every two weeks Results: The enrolled groups were 61.5% female, 38.5% were male. The chest X-ray showed pneumonia in 83 (53.2%) cases with alveolar pneumonia accounting for 47 (30.12%), and non alveolar pneumonia for 36 (23.10%) cases. Factors that were found to have significant association with severe pneumonia included smoking associated diarrheal diseases, endemic diseases, malnutrition anaemia and breastfeeding < 18 months. (P. value < 0.04; < 0.001, <0.001, <0.001, <0.01 and <0.48, respectively).In conclusion chest X-ray is an important tool in diagnosing severe pneumonia, particularly in situations where other means of investigations are meager.

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Reappraisal of Lung Tap: Review of an Old Method for Better Etiologic Diagnosis of Childhood Pneumonia

Cited by 79 publications

References 57 publications

Prevention ofHaemophilus influenzaetype b disease: past success and future challenges

Prevention ofHaemophilus influenzaetype b disease: past success and future challenges

Burden of Meningitis and Other Severe Bacterial Infections of Children in Africa: Implications for Prevention

Radiological Findings in Severe Pneumonia in Children 1-59 Months in a Children’s Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan

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