Rearrangements of Genetic Material in Escherichia coli As Observed on the Bacteriophage P1 Plasmid

Arber, Werner; Iida, S.; Jütte, H.; Caspers, Patrick; Meyer, Jürg; Hänni, Christine

doi:10.1101/sqb.1979.043.01.136

Cited by 74 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…At about the same time, it was observed that antibiotic resistance genes could also be transferred or "transposed" from one plasmid to another (8)(9)(10) and it was recognized that IS and "transposons" were both members of a group of genetic entities: transposable or mobile genetic elements (TE or MGE). This relationship between IS and transposons was reinforced by the observation that different DNA segments carrying different genes could be translocated by two flanking IS (11,12). It was also realized (13) that they might be related to the controlling elements discovered by genetic analysis of maize several decades previously (14).…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 82%

Everyman's Guide to Bacterial Insertion Sequences

et al. 2015

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The number and diversity of known prokaryotic insertion sequences (IS) have increased enormously since their discovery in the late 1960s. At present the sequences of more than 4000 different IS have been deposited in the specialized ISfinder database. Over time it has become increasingly apparent that they are important actors in the evolution of their host genomes and are involved in sequestering, transmitting, mutating and activating genes, and in the rearrangement of both plasmids and chromosomes. This review presents an overview of our current understanding of these transposable elements (TE), their organization and their transposition mechanism as well as their distribution and genomic impact. In spite of their diversity, they share only a very limited number of transposition mechanisms which we outline here. Prokaryotic IS are but one example of a variety of diverse TE which are being revealed due to the advent of extensive genome sequencing projects. A major conclusion from sequence comparisons of various TE is that frontiers between the different types are becoming less clear. We detail these receding frontiers between different IS-related TE. Several, more specialized chapters in this volume include additional detailed information concerning a number of these.In a second section of the review, we provide a detailed description of the expanding variety of IS, which we have divided into families for convenience. Our perception of these families continues to evolve and families emerge regularly as more IS are identified. This section is designed as an aid and a source of information for consultation by interested specialist readers.

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Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 82%

Everyman's Guide to Bacterial Insertion Sequences

et al. 2015

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“…Evidence has accumulated that IS elements not only contain specific sites recognized by proteins mediating their transposition, but also code for proteins required for this event. The frequency of transposition appears to be influenced by the physiological state of the host cell (Arber et al, 1979(Arber et al, , 1981 Arber and lida, 1982), but the ability to regulate transposition functions seems to be a property of the IS element itself (Beck et al, 1980;Biek and Roth, 1980; see also lida et al, 1983). In the case of ISIO it has been proposed that this regulation may be implemented by IS-specific transcripts which inhibit the translation of a message for transposase (Simons and Kleckner, 1983).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insertion element IS5 contains a third gene.

Rak¹,

Reutern²

1984

The EMBO Journal

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We have previously shown that IS5 contains two genes encoded on opposite DNA strands within the same stretch of DNA. Here we present evidence that a third gene and its promoter are present on IS5. The newly discovered gene, ins5C, is contained within the longest gene of ISS, ins5A, but encoded by the complementary DNA strand. The three genes comprise a total of 519 codons present on the 1195-bp element. The arrangement of these genes represents a coding structure of unprecedented compactness. Key words: transposable element/insertion element/IS5 genes/IS5 promoters/IS5 Results Detection and localization of the promoter p5C To find transcription start signals on IS5 in addition to the ones previously identified, IS5 DNA fragments were inserted into the promoter-search vector-plasmid pK01 (McKenney et al., 1981;Rak et al., 1982) which carries the galactokinase structural gene without a promoter. A 970-bp BstEII-HindIII fragment, derived from plasmid pFDI (pFRI in Rak et al., 1982; see Figure 1), containing IS5: 1-543 and also 427 bp of X DNA (X:36 895-37 322;Sanger et al., 1982;Kroger and Hobom, 1982), was digested with restriction endonuclease HaeIII and the resulting fragments were isolated. The different HaeIII fragments were ligated into the SmaI site of pKOl and the ligation products were transformed into strain N100 (galK, recA). Transformants containing hybrid plasmids which carried the HaeIII fragment in both possible orientations were obtained for all fragments and screened on Introduction Insertion (IS) elements form a group of relatively small (-. 800-1500 bp) DNA sequences found in the genomes of bacteria and in the DNA of their phages and plasmids. Their properties have recently been reviewed by lida et al. (1983). Evidence has accumulated that IS elements not only contain specific sites recognized by proteins mediating their transposition, but also code for proteins required for this event. The frequency of transposition appears to be influenced by the physiological state of the host cell (Arber et al., 1979(Arber et al., , 1981 Arber and lida, 1982), but the ability to regulate transposition functions seems to be a property of the IS element itself (Beck et al., 1980;Biek and Roth, 1980; see also lida et al., 1983). In the case of ISIO it has been proposed that this regulation may be implemented by IS-specific transcripts which inhibit the translation of a message for transposase (Simons and Kleckner, 1983). In the case of IS50 it has been suggested that regulation occurs at a post-translational level, involving an IS-encoded protein (Isberg et al., 1982). No

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“…Indeed, increased movement of insertion elements during stationary phase has previously been observed (3,30,45) and could be related to changes in DNA topology that occur in starving cells (39). What factor actually triggers excision might depend on how the cells entered into stationary phase.…”

Section: Does Starvation Per Se Induce Mutations?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Directed mutation: between unicorns and goats

Foster

1992

J Bacteriol

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Rearrangements of Genetic Material in Escherichia coli As Observed on the Bacteriophage P1 Plasmid

Cited by 74 publications

References 0 publications

Everyman's Guide to Bacterial Insertion Sequences

Everyman's Guide to Bacterial Insertion Sequences

Insertion element IS5 contains a third gene.

Directed mutation: between unicorns and goats

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