Reasoning about Resources and Hierarchical Tasks Using OWL and SWRL

Abstract

Abstract. Military training and testing events are highly complex affairs, potentially involving dozens of legacy systems that need to interoperate in a meaningful way. There are superficial interoperability concerns (such as two systems not sharing the same messaging formats), but also substantive problems such as different systems not sharing the same understanding of the terrain, positions of entities, and so forth. We describe our approach to facilitating such events: describe the systems and requirements in great detail using ontologies, and use automated reasoning to automatically find and help resolve problems. The complexity of our problem took us to the limits of what one can do with owl, and we needed to introduce some innovative techniques of using and extending it. We describe our novel ways of using swrl and discuss its limitations as well as extensions to it that we found necessary or desirable. Another innovation is our representation of hierarchical tasks in owl, and an engine that reasons about them. Our task ontology has proved to be a very flexible and expressive framework to describe requirements on resources and their capabilities in order to achieve some purpose.

A Software Defined Networking architecture for the Internet-of-Things

“…We have used this approach successfully in other projects [16], [17]. These projects had the focus to determine the interoperability of various live or simulated military training systems, from F18 fighters to complex simulation systems that are employed in large, joined military trainings [18], [19], [20].…”

Ontological analysis of terrain data

“…However, we have run into several limitations of SWRL, which we discuss briefly in the following. They are explored in more detail in [3].…”

Policy-Based Data Downgrading: Toward a Semantic Framework and Automated Tools to Balance Need-to-Protect and Need-to-Share Policies

“…Our PBD approach is based on the ontological framework developed under a U.S. Department of Defense sponsored project called the Open Net-centric Interoperability Standards for Training and Testing (ONISTT) [12], [13], [14] which provides a semantically rich means of describing machine-to-machine interactions in terms of a hierarchical construct known as the Task. The Tasks (referred to as activities in this paper) are described in terms of the capabilities needed to perform that activity (i.e., the data types with their qualitative or quantitative characteristics needed to perform that activity).…”