“…-Variants of UML, such as DiSpa [17], Mechatronic UML [136], UMM [101], and UML4IoT [149]; -The systems modeling language (SysML) [147] and its variants, such as SysML4Mechatronics [48] and SysML4Modelica [20]; -Knowledge representation techniques, mostly employing the Web Ontology Language (OWL) [60,112] or the Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) [66,131]. -Metamodels specific to Industry 4.0 challenges, such as the industrial metamodel for automation systems [108] or AutomationML [84].…”