Reasons for human milk donation according to different per capita income

Abstract

Objectives: to identify the reasons for human milk donation according to different per capita income in donors who

Factors Influencing Donations to Human Milk Bank: A Systematic Review of Facilitators and Barriers

“…The sample sizes of participants varied from 7 to 1,042, with a total sample size of 6,057 people. The participants of the included studies were from 17 different countries or regions, including United States, 13,14 Brazil, [15][16][17][18][19] Australia, [20][21][22] France, 11,23,24 Kuwait, 25 South Africa, 26 Spain, 27,28 Turkey, [29][30][31][32][33] India, 34 and Ethiopia. 35 Most of studies used a cross-sectional and a qualitative design.…”

“…The list of facilitators and barriers is presented in Tables 2 and 3, respectively. Among individual facilitators, ''having excess milk,'' 11,13,16,17,[20][21][22][23][24][25]27,28,36,37 ''hoping someone else will do the same for them if needed,'' 23,24,27 and ''a strong belief in the value of human milk'' 13,27 were the most frequently cited. In systemic facilitators, ''health staff and professionals'' 15,18,21,27,28,37 and ''education'' 21,25,26,30,33,34 were, respectively, the most important factors.…”

“…''Altruism'' 17,[22][23][24]27,28,36,37 and ''helping others'' 13,14,[21][22][23][24]37 were among the major social facilitators of milk donation. ''Religious beliefs'' 11,16,20,26,[30][31][32][33] in Islamic countries and ''lack of knowledge about milk banking'' 13,17,20,21,35 were significant social barriers.…”

“…30 Regarding concerns about transmission of genetic material from the donor to the infant that receives her milk, evidence has shown that these materials are removed during the process of pasteurization. 39 (1) A strong belief in the value of breastfeeding 13,27 (2) Helping and connecting 13,17,37 (3) Having excess milk 11,13,16,17,[20][21][22][23][24][25]27,28,36 (4) Knowledge of the benefits of mother milk for preterm infants 13 (5) Sense of satisfaction gained from helping a child 20,41 (6) Understanding the needs of the babies 18,41 (7) Social involvement 18 (8) Having a history of milk donations 23 (9) Knowing the needs of the milk bank 23 (10) Hoping someone else will do the same for them if needed 23,24,27,37 (11) Having a positive attitude toward milk donation 21 (12) Avoiding waste 17,36 (13) Feeling of motherhood following a perinatal loss 14,41 (14) Finding meaning in and integrating the experience of perinatal loss 14 (15) A way for bereaved mothers to grieve their loss 14 (16) Pumping milk to stimulate lactation 24 (17) Having self-confidence 17,37 (18) Financial inducement 43 Systemic facilitators…”

“…(1) Lack of knowledge about milk banking 13,17,20,21,35 (2) Misconceptions about the costs of milk banks 13,20 (3) Not knowing whether the milk bank is for profit or nonprofit 13 (4) Misinformation 27 (5) Resistance to creation of Western-style milk banks 32 (6) Religious beliefs 11,16,20,26,[30][31][32][33]35 (7) Cultural beliefs 11,31 (8) Incomprehension at work 27 (9) Concerns about the safety of the donated milk 21,26,30 Given the difficulties and the complexity of establishing HMBs in Islamic countries, taking certain measures can be effective in the development of milk banking in these countries. The HMB must pasteurize the milk it receives and provide it to newborn infants that are prone to risk, such as preterm babies weighing <2,000 g. Implementing a singledonor policy allows for the donor and the receiver to know each other and pooling milk from at least three donors can help alleviate religious concerns.…”