“…This is seen, for example, in the College Board's (2014c) state reports on equity of access and the recent efforts of independent scholars investigating how subgroups of students interact with the program, including rural students (Barbour & Mulcahy, 2006;Cisneros et al, 2014;de la Varre, Irvin, Jordan, Hannum, & Farmer, 2014), English language learners (Kanno & Kangas, 2014), diverse students (Cisneros et al, 2014;Flowers, 2008;Griffith, 2010), low-income students (Hallett & Venegas, 2011;Moore & Slate, 2008), female students (Ackerman et al, 2013;Campbell, Brown, & Perry, 2009;Griffith, 2010), and urban students (Lichten, 2010). Although these efforts are preliminary, they still reveal clues about the special challenges these subpopulations experience.…”