Reassessing the evolution of the 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase family suggests a possible novel function for the DXS class 3 proteins

Luna-Valdez, L.A. de; Chenge-Espinosa, Marel; Hernández-Muñoz, Arihel; Córdoba, Elizabeth; López-Leal, Gamaliel; Castillo-Ramírez, Santiago; León, Patricia

doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110960

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Because motif 6 locates in the transketolase C-terminal domain, the miss of motif 6 in AtDXS3 may affect its transketolase activity. This finding, to some extent, is in line with a recent study which also points out that AtDXS3 does not have the transketolase activity and is unlikely to take part in primary and secondary metabolism (de Luna-Valdez et al 2021). However, our study also suggests that the loss of transketolase activity is not ubiquitous in the class of DXS3 since TwDXS3 still has an intact transketolase C-terminal domain.…”

Section: Structure Analysissupporting

confidence: 91%

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A systematic review of 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase in terpenoid biosynthesis in plants

et al. 2021

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1-Deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) is the first rate-limiting enzyme involved in the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway for terpenoids biosynthesis. Up to date, three types of DXS (DXS1, DXS2, and DXS3) have been identified in plants. In this review, we searched all the plant DXS orthologs currently registered in the NCBI database, and selected 40 of them for phylogenetic, physicochemical properties, and structure analyses. Our bioinformatic analysis indicates that three types of DXS are all stable and conservative and that the evolutionary discrimination among them is very clear. We provide a summary of our current understanding about expression and regulation of DXS based on reports published in the past two decades, which demonstrates that DXS plays essential roles in many physiological processes, such as photosynthesis, phytohormone regulation, adversity resistance, and pathogen defense. However, additional studies are still needed for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the roles of DXS in these biological processes. Moreover, clarifying the X-ray diffraction structure of DXS from plants remains a major issue to be addressed. This review will lay a foundation for further studies of DXS in plants.

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Section: Structure Analysissupporting

confidence: 91%

“…They are believed to participate in the synthesis of gibberellic acid and abscisic acid, the important phytohormones in plants (Cordoba et al 2011). A very recent study demonstrates that the expression of DXS3 correlates with genes involved in the post-embryonic development and reproduction (Luna-Valdez et al 2021).…”

Section: The Gene Products Of Dxsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase in terpenoid biosynthesis in plants

et al. 2021

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“…DXS catalyzes the first step by synthesizing 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate from pyruvate and D-glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate and acts as a major flux-control step of the MEP pathway in plants ( de Luna-Valdez et al., 2021 ). The current study identified three BoDXS paralogues; the occurrence and differential expression of different DXS paralogues has been previously documented, supporting the notion that each DXS class has a specific role in the synthesis of different isoprenoids ( de Luna-Valdez et al., 2021 ). In the N4 and N5 accessions, BoDXR was also up-regulated, mainly in the S5 stage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression profile during seed development of Bixa orellana accessions varying in bixin pigment

Cárdenas-Conejo

Narváez-Zapata²,

Carballo-Uicab³

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Diverse morphological, cellular and physiological changes occur during seed maturation in Bixa orellana when the seed tissues form specialized cell glands that produce reddish latex with high bixin amounts. Transcriptomic profiling during seed development in three B. orellana accessions (P12, N4 and N5) with contrasting morphologic characteristics showed enrichment in pathways of triterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and cuticular wax biosynthesis. WGCNA allows groups of all identified genes in six modules the module turquoise, the largest and highly correlated with the bixin content. The high number of genes in this module suggests a diversification of regulatory mechanisms for bixin accumulation with the genes belonging to isoprene, triterpenes and carotene pathways, being more highly correlated with the bixin content. Analysis of key genes of the mevalonate (MVA) and the 2C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathways revealed specific activities of orthologs of BoHMGR, BoFFP, BoDXS, and BoHDR. This suggests that isoprenoid production is necessary for compounds included in the reddish latex of developing seeds. The carotenoid-related genes BoPSY2, BoPDS1 and BoZDS displayed a high correlation with bixin production, consistent with the requirement for carotene precursors for apocarotenoid biosynthesis. The BoCCD gene member (BoCCD4-4) and some BoALDH (ALDH2B7.2 and ALDH3I1) and BoMET (BoSABATH1 and BoSABATH8) gene members were highly correlated to bixin in the final seed development stage. This suggested a contributing role for several genes in apocarotenoid production. The results revealed high genetic complexity in the biosynthesis of reddish latex and bixin in specialized seed cell glands in different accessions of B. orellana suggesting gene expression coordination between both metabolite biosynthesis processes.

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“…While the five intermediate enzymes are encoded by a single gene, DXS and IspH have been reported as one or multiple genes in diverse plants, proposing the potent roles as flux-controlling steps for terpenoid production. Plant DXSs have been classified into three clades, with different influences on the downstream pathways: DXS1s for chlorophyll biosynthesis with a housekeeping role, DXS2s for the production of specialized terpene metabolites, including artemisinins, ginkgolides, resins, and carotenoids, in different plants, and DXS3 for considerably understudied but still tentative roles in a few plants, as recently summarized ( Cordoba et al, 2011 ; Zhang et al, 2018 ; de Luna-Valdez et al, 2021 ; Tian et al, 2021 ). Meanwhile, plant IspH has been reported as a single-gene family in most plant species but as a multiple-gene family of 2–3 copies in some species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Regulation of an OsIspH1, the Functional 4-Hydroxy-3-Methylbut-2-Enyl Diphosphate Reductase, for Photosynthetic Pigment Biosynthesis in Rice Leaves and Seeds

et al. 2022

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The methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway is responsible for providing common precursors for the biosynthesis of diverse plastidial terpenoids, including chlorophylls, carotenoids, and phytohormones, in plants. In rice (Oryza sativa), the last-step genes encoding 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase [HDR/isoprenoid synthesis H (IspH)] have been annotated in two genes (OsIspH1 and OsIspH2) in the rice genome. The spatial transcript levels indicated that OsIspH1 is highly expressed in all tissues at different developmental stages, whereas OsIspH2 is barely expressed due to an early stop in exon 1 caused by splicing error. OsIspH1 localized into plastids and osisph1, a T-DNA inserted knockout mutant, showed an albino phenotype, indicating that OsIspH1 is the only functional gene. To elucidate the role of OsIspH1 in the MEP pathway, we created two single (H145P and K407R) and double (H145P/K407R) mutations and performed complementation tests in two hdr mutants, including Escherichia coli DLYT1 strains and osisph1 rice plants. The results showed that every single mutation retained HDR function, but a double mutation lost it, proposing that the complementary relations of two residues might be important for enzyme activity but not each residue. When overexpressed in rice plants, the double-mutated gene, OsIspH1MUT, reduced chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis in the leaves and seeds. It confirmed the crucial role of OsIspH1 in plastidic terpenoid biosynthesis, revealing organ-specific differential regulation of OsIspH1 in rice plants.

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Reassessing the evolution of the 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase family suggests a possible novel function for the DXS class 3 proteins

Cited by 11 publications

References 89 publications

A systematic review of 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase in terpenoid biosynthesis in plants

A systematic review of 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase in terpenoid biosynthesis in plants

Gene expression profile during seed development of Bixa orellana accessions varying in bixin pigment

Differential Regulation of an OsIspH1, the Functional 4-Hydroxy-3-Methylbut-2-Enyl Diphosphate Reductase, for Photosynthetic Pigment Biosynthesis in Rice Leaves and Seeds

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