Reassessment of occupational exposure limits

Stouten, Hans; Ott, Heidi; Bouwman, C.A.; Wardenbach, Peter

doi:10.1002/ajim.20579

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…40–42 A more recent critical review found clear scientific deficiencies in the determination of TLVs. 43 As a case in point, nuclear specialists working with the nuclear fuel bundling process at GE, and elsewhere, have noted that despite the beryllium levels being kept below the limit, beryllium disease continues to be on the rise. 37…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[40][41][42] A more recent critical review found clear scientific deficiencies in the determination of TLVs. 43 As a case in point, nuclear specialists working with the nuclear fuel bundling process at GE, and elsewhere, have noted that despite the beryllium levels being kept below the limit, beryllium disease continues to be on the rise. 37 With its emphasis on air monitoring, the focus on exposure limits ignore perhaps the most reliable indication of overexposure reflected in the adverse health effect symptoms workers experience during exposures-whether the exposure is from direct handling or from bystander exposure.…”

Section: Limitation Of the Science For Assessing Work-related Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Workers’ Fight for Justice: A Retrospective Exposure Profile Study of the GE Factory in Peterborough, Ontario

DeMatteo

Dematteo

2019

New Solut

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Occupational disease recognition is often hampered by lack of historical exposure data. This paper describes research documenting major chemical exposures of Canadian General Electric workers in a plant in Peterborough between 1945 and 2000. Workers’ experiences with diseases over forty years, and their frustration with the continual denial that these were work-related, drove this study. Researchers used qualitative methods, participatory action research, hazard mapping, and risk assessment. A report that incorporates this study’s findings documents extremely toxic exposures that placed Canadian General Electric workers at a disproportionate risk of occupational diseases. Since the report’s release, the Ontario Workplace Safety and Insurance Board reconsidered 233 previously denied claims in the light of “new evidence” and overturned one half of those it reviewed. The retrospective exposure profile methods used in this study may serve as a useful model for workers and their organization when plants close.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Limitation Of the Science For Assessing Work-related Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Workers’ Fight for Justice: A Retrospective Exposure Profile Study of the GE Factory in Peterborough, Ontario

DeMatteo

Dematteo

2019

New Solut

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“…Since this paper, additional debate has occurred and the ACGIH continues to work to improve the process to help satisfy its critics. In Europe, the TLVs received considerable scrutiny in recent years, (213).…”

Section: Do the Tlvs Protect Enough Workers?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The History and Biological Basis of Occupational Exposure Limits for Chemical Agents

Paustenbach¹,

Cyrs²

2021

Patty's Industrial Hygiene

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Over the past 60 years, many organizations in numerous countries have proposed occupational exposure limits (OELs) for airborne contaminants (1). The limits or guidelines that have been the most widely accepted both in the United States and in most other countries are those issued annually by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) and are termed Threshold Limit Values Ò (TLVs) (1-10).The usefulness of establishing OELs for potentially harmful agents in the working environment has been demonstrated repeatedly since their inception (3, 5, 6). It has been claimed that whenever these limits have been implemented in a particular industry, no worker has been shown to have sustained serious adverse effects on his health as a result of exposure to these concentrations of an industrial chemical (7). Although this statement is arguable with respect to the acceptability of OELs for those chemicals established before 1980, and later found to be carcinogenic, there is little doubt that millions of persons have avoided serious effects of workplace exposure due to their existence.

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“…8−10 In accordance with the guidelines of the German Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, the maximum concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the workplace is set at 5 ppm. 11,12 Therefore, a monitoring technique with real-time and high sensitivity/selectivity is crucial for the effective detection of H 2 S. Nickel oxide (NiO), as a representative p-type semiconductor material, boasts the advantages of low operating temperature and high catalytic activity, making it prominent in the realm of gas sensors. 13 Despite these merits, traditional single semiconductor gas sensors frequently grapple with challenges in meeting concurrent performance parameters such as high sensitivity, selectivity, and stability, and short response and recovery time, curtailing their potential in practical applications.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring the Ni–O Microenvironment in Amorphous-Dominated Highly Active and Stable Zn/NiO for Hydrogen Sulfide Detection

Wang,

Kong,

Xue

et al. 2024

ACS Sens.

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Amorphous metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) materials are endowed with great promise to modulate electronic structures for gas-sensing performance improvement. However, the elevated-temperature requirement of gas sensors severely impedes the application of amorphous materials due to their low thermal stability. Here, a cationicassisted strategy to tailor the Ni−O microenvironment in an amorphousdominated Zn/NiO heterogeneous structure with high thermal stability was developed. It was found that 6 mol % Zn incorporation into amorphous NiO can effectively preserve the amorphous-dominated NiO phase even at high temperature. After calcination, the amorphous oxide can only be converted to crystals partly thus leading to the formation of amorphous/crystalline compounds, and the content of the amorphous phase can be adjusted by changing the calcination temperature. This amorphous/crystalline configuration can induce more electron transfer from Ni to Zn species, leading to the formation of active Ni δ+ (δ>2) centers. Ex situ XPS and in situ Raman spectroscopy studies proved that the generated Ni δ+ species pronouncedly promote the electron transfer during the H 2 S adsorption process. The amorphous/crystalline-6 mol % Zn/NiO sensor exhibits exceptional hydrogen sulfide response (2 ppm, 3.23), outstanding repeatability (as long as 5 weeks), and low limit of detection (as low as 50 ppb), surpassing most reported nickel-based gas sensors such as the crystal nickel oxide prepared in this work. The response and detection limit of the latter is only (2 ppm, 1.89) and (0.05 ppm) respectively. Our work thus opens up more opportunities for fundamental understanding and modulating of highly active amorphous sensing materials.

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Reassessment of occupational exposure limits

Abstract: Many older MAC values were either too high or not scientifically supported and therefore not health-based.

Cited by 11 publications

References 6 publications

Workers’ Fight for Justice: A Retrospective Exposure Profile Study of the GE Factory in Peterborough, Ontario

Workers’ Fight for Justice: A Retrospective Exposure Profile Study of the GE Factory in Peterborough, Ontario

The History and Biological Basis of Occupational Exposure Limits for Chemical Agents

Tailoring the Ni–O Microenvironment in Amorphous-Dominated Highly Active and Stable Zn/NiO for Hydrogen Sulfide Detection

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