Reassessment of Radiation Risks from Electrophysiology Procedures Compared to Coronary Angiography

Near-zero x-ray in arrhythmia ablation using a 3-dimensional electroanatomic mapping system: A multicenter experience

“…4 This determines radiological exposure, sometimes with a high dose of radiation for both the patient and the operator. 5,6 These considerations highlight the importance of minimizing radiation exposure in cardiac electrophysiology practice. 7 In recent years, nonfluoroscopic 3-dimensional mapping systems have been developed to guide mapping and ablation during electrophysiological procedures, 8 especially for right-sided ablation of supraventricular arrhythmias in pediatric patients.…”

Catheter Ablation of Right-Sided Accessory Pathways in Adults Using the Three-Dimensional Mapping System: A Randomized Comparison to the Conventional Approach

“…Conventionally, catheter manipulation has been performed under a fluoroscopically guided approach, especially for paroxysmal SVT. The catheter ablation procedure is often complex and sufficiently prolonged to involve a non-negligible radiation exposure [8, 9]. Given the relationship between the radiation dose from medical imaging and the attributable lifetime risk of cancer and genetic anomalies [8], it is important to minimize X-ray exposure in cardiac EP practice.…”

Guidelines for Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiologic Studies (JCS 2011)

“…Usually, the total exposure time rarely exceeds 10 minutes, and the amount of radiation exposure during EPS is smaller than that during coronary angiography. 4 Since a posterior-anterior projection is commonly used in EPS, erythema and necrosis of the skin of the back may develop. 5 The threshold level of radiation dose that causes radiation-induced skin injuries is 2 Gy, and the absorbed dose in the skin reaches to 2 Gy when the patient received X-rays from a conventional X-ray machine for a total of about 60 minutes.…”