Reassuringly low carriage of enteropathogens among healthy Swedish children in day care centres

Kaarme, Johan; Hickman, Rachel A.; Nevéus, Tryggve; Blomberg, Jonas; Öhrmalm, Christina

doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2016.05.011

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Few studies have screened populations for multiple enteric pathogens in high-income countries outside of clinical settings or from asymptomatic populations. A study of 438 children in daycare centers in Uppsala, Sweden, from 2016 tested for 21 different enteric pathogens using PCR and detected > 1 pathogen in stool specimens from 3.7% of children ( 44 ). The pathogens they detected most frequently were C. difficile (2.5%), adenovirus 40/41 (1.6%), Campylobacter (0.7%), and norovirus (0.7%) ( Appendix Table 6 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Enteric Pathogen Exposure among Children in Black Belt Region of Alabama, USA

Capone,

Bakare,

Barker

et al. 2023

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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We collected stool from school-age children from 352 households living in the Black Belt region of Alabama, USA, where sanitation infrastructure is lacking. We used quantitative reverse transcription PCR to measure key pathogens in stool that may be associated with water and sanitation, as an indicator of exposure. We detected genes associated with > 1 targets in 26% of specimens, most frequently Clostridioides difficile (6.6%), atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (6.1%), and enteroaggregative E. coli (3.9%). We used generalized estimating equations to assess reported risk factors for detecting > 1 pathogen in stool. We found no association between lack of sanitation and pathogen detection (adjusted risk ratio 0.95 [95% CI 0.55–1.7]) compared with specimens from children served by sewerage. However, we did observe an increased risk for pathogen detection among children living in homes with well water (adjusted risk ratio 1.7 [95% CI 1.1–2.5]) over those reporting water utility service.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Enteric Pathogen Exposure among Children in Black Belt Region of Alabama, USA

Capone,

Bakare,

Barker

et al. 2023

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…Among all children evaluated in our study, the C. difficile colonization was 6.6% (4 of 61 children) and no toxigenic C. difficile carriage was detected. Very low colonization with toxigenic C. difficile was also observed in Sweden, with only 11 (2.5%) of 438 preschool children in DDCs being toxigenic C. difficile carriers [37]. Toxigenic C. difficile carriage was also low in rural Ghana (2.4%) and in a study on Japanese neonates (0%), [27,36].…”

Section: Age-dependent Prevalencementioning

confidence: 90%

“…Childcare centres maintaining strict hygiene practices do not appear to carry risks of toxigenic C. difficile transmission, although children who attend DCCs are usually exposed to pathogens due to close contacts among them [37]. In the Netherlands, toxigenic C. difficile carriage was found in 16.5% of 857 children from DDCs in 2009-2012 [38].…”

Section: Age-dependent Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile carriage in asymptomatic children since 2010: a narrative review

Boyanova

Kalvatchev

Yordanov

et al. 2019

Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment

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“…After logistic regression, only children between 0 and 1 year old were significantly at increased risk for rotavirus infection, which is consistent with the lack of immunity in this population group 32 . As for norovirus, asymptomatic shedding in children has been reported to be in the range from <1% to >30% in different European and non-European countries [34][35][36][37][38] . The higher prevalence of norovirus in patients vaccinated for rotavirus could be explained by a shift in the type of viral infection as has been observed in patients in certain countries where rotavirus vaccination has been implemented [39][40][41][42][43] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Spanish case-control study in <5 year-old children reveals the lack of association between MLB and VA astrovirus and diarrhea

Sabrià

Aregall

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Novel human astroviruses (HAstV) were discovered 10 years ago and have been associated with fatal cases of central nervous system infections. Their role in gastroenteritis is controversial, as they have been identified in symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects. The aim of the study was to investigate novel HAstV in a gastroenteritis case-control study including a pediatric population in Spain over a one-year period. We included stool samples from patients with gastroenteritis and negative results for viruses screened by routine diagnostics, and stool samples of control subjects who sought for a routine medical consultation. All samples were screened by real-time Rt-pcR assays for novel HAstV. An additional screening for rotavirus, norovirus GI, GII, sapovirus, classic HAstV and adenovirus was also performed for the control group. Overall, 23/363 stool samples from case patients (6.3%) and 8/199 stool samples from control patients (4%) were positive for ≥1 novel HAstV. MLB1 was predominant (64.5% of positives). Seasonality was observed for the case group (p = 0.015), but not the control group (p = 0.95). No difference was observed in the prevalence of novel HAstV between the case and control groups (OR 1.78, 95% CI 0.68-5.45; p = 0.30). Nevertheless, MLB genome copy numbers/ml of fecal suspension was significantly higher in the control group than in the case group (p = 0.008). In our study, we identified a lack of association between novel HAstV and gastroenteritis in the studied population, which could indicate a potential role of reservoir for children, especially given the higher viral load observed in the asymptomatic group for some of them.

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Reassuringly low carriage of enteropathogens among healthy Swedish children in day care centres

Cited by 6 publications

References 36 publications

Risk Factors for Enteric Pathogen Exposure among Children in Black Belt Region of Alabama, USA

Risk Factors for Enteric Pathogen Exposure among Children in Black Belt Region of Alabama, USA

Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile carriage in asymptomatic children since 2010: a narrative review

A Spanish case-control study in <5 year-old children reveals the lack of association between MLB and VA astrovirus and diarrhea

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