ReBankment: displacing embankment lines from roads and rivers with a least squares adjustment

Abstract

While the recent progress on automated generalisation helped National Mapping Agencies to derive topographic maps more and more quickly, there are still practical cartographic issues that require attention. For instance, embankments are represented with line symbols showing the slope of the embankment. This paper proposes an automated algorithm, called ReBankment that displaces the embankment lines from the roads and rivers that overlap the embankment symbol. ReBankment is based on a triangulation to identify neighbourhoods, and on a least squares adjustment to displace and distort the embankment line while preserving its shape. The paper also proposes how to handle complex cases and scaling issues. ReBankment is tested on real data from a 1:25k scale topographic map.

Generalização Cartográfica: Desafios e Perspectivas

“…Os desafios inseridos no âmbito digital associados ao avanço tecnológico recente apresentam aspectos multidisciplinares e atrai pesquisadores de diferentes áreas, como os especialistas em BDG e modelagem ontológica, em geometria computacional e análise espacial, informática e designer de interface, serviços de web, modelagem baseada em agentes e em grande parte profissionais da Cartografia. Observa-se, na Figura 3, que na categoria denominada de Geografia (que na plataforma WoS se subdivide em Geografia e Geografia Física) concentram-se o maior número de publicações, seguido pelas áreas de Ciências da Computação que engloba a generalização no âmbito computacional, aspectos de armazenamento em BDG (BILJECKI et al, 2016) e o desenvolvimento de operadores de generalização a partir da implementação de algoritmos heurísticos (MARTÍN et al, 2009, ZHANG;LOKHAT, 2021), genéticos (SUN et al, 2016) e de Inteligência Artificial (SESTER; FENG; THIEMANN, 2018;DUO;ZHENG et al, 2021), do termo em inglês, Artificial Intelligence (AI).…”

Collaborative Methods of Resolving Road Graphic Conflicts Based on Cartographic Rules and Generalization Operations

“…Road generalization is an important research direction in the field of map generalization [1][2][3]. It mainly includes road selection [4,5], road simplification [6,7], road pattern recognition [8], and road displacement [9][10][11]. Graphic conflicts are drivers of road generalization after road symbolization in the process of reducing the map scale [12].…”