Rebar inspection integrating augmented reality and laser scanning

Chi, Hsin-Chang; Kim, M.-K.; Liu, K.-Z.; Thedja, Julian Pratama Putra; Seo, Jongbum; Lee, D.-E.

doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104183

Cited by 30 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Summarizing the efforts contributed by researchers and practitioners, significant improvements in developing as-built BIMs with surface elements and rebar are still demanded to produce high fidelity industrial standard BIMs for as-built buildings. Existing studies on developing BIM models with rebar are mainly focused on three aspects: (1) generating rebar models during the construction phase [7,8], (2) detecting exposed rebar [9], and (3) converting rebar from drawings into BIM models [52]. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no prior works to automatically translate embedded rebar into corresponding elements in BIMs for in-service buildings.…”

Section: Gaps and Research Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For as-plan buildings, this issue can be solved as the spatial information of rebar can be directly extracted from drawings and converted to BIMs, but for in-service buildings, especially for those buildings with inadequate drawings, the issue turns to be significant and has no solutions in the AEC industry. Although some existing studies [7][8][9] have been conducted on this topic, most of them focus on exposed rather than embedded rebar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Integrated Framework for BIM Development of Concrete Buildings Containing Both Surface Elements and Rebar

Xiang

Rashidi

2023

IEEE Access

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As-built Building Information Models (BIM) are increasingly used to facilitate the management of all aspects of built infrastructure's life cycle. Existing studies mainly focus on automating as-built BIM development for surface elements but often ignore embedded elements such as rebar due to the inaccessibility with typical sensing devices, such as image-based or time-of-flight-based methods. To tackle the issue, this research innovatively utilizes Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and the photogrammetry method together to generate BIMs for in-service buildings considering both surface elements (e.g., column, slab, wall) and rebar. As-built BIM for surface elements is developed at first and rebar is identified by using GPR. A calibration label is designed and attached to elements which are scanned by GPR device, and a series of images are captured from those elements and then used with other images to generate point clouds. Faster RCNN is utilized to recognize labels among all images. Then, an inverse photogrammetry approach is deployed to identify the scanned elements in BIM. By matching the recorded timestamps of GPR data and labeled images, links between the rebar in GPR data and elements in BIMs are successfully developed. Finally, 𝐼𝐹𝐶 is developed to generate as-built BIM models. Six cases studies demonstrate the system provides a highly automated procedure to develop as-built BIM, and rebars could be efficiently localized and projected into corresponding elements in BIM.INDEX TERMS As-built BIM, deep learning, GPR, IFC, inverse photogrammetry, point cloud, rebar placement.

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Section: Gaps and Research Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrated Framework for BIM Development of Concrete Buildings Containing Both Surface Elements and Rebar

Xiang

Rashidi

2023

IEEE Access

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“…In this process, the automatic identification of individual rebar and rebar diameters was performed using linear and circular random sample consensus algorithms. Chi et al 37 hybridized augmented reality and laser scanning technologies to visualize the data obtained by the sensing process effectively, which provided detailed dimensional information on mislocated rebars and helped inspectors with intuitive rework instructions. A novel approach using a one‐class classifier was developed in Zhao et al 38 for rebar recognition automatically.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction of tunnel lining rebars from terrestrial laser scanning data

Cheng

Zheng

Qiu

2023

Structural Concrete

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Incorrect rebar placement has led to serious concrete structural failures; thus, site inspectors must ensure that the rebars placed are compliant with asdesigned drawings before tunnel lining concreting. This paper aims to develop a methodology that automatically segments the semantics (e.g., main rebar and distribution rebar) and instances of curved rebars and reconstructs the tunnel lining rebars from the raw point clouds. There are five main parts in the proposed methodology: rebar mesh reshaping, rebar mesh extraction and refinement, semantic segmentation, instance labeling, and rebar mesh modeling. To validate the developed methodology, an experiment was conducted on the rebar point cloud of a high-speed railway tunnel. The evaluation of the accuracies of segmentation was conducted by comparisons with the existing methods and manually labeled ground truth data. The results show that the rebar segmentation has high precision values with the acceptable recall values, and that the rebar models reconstructed achieve millimeter-level (about 2 mm) accuracy.

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“…As proved by many scholars and industry practitioners, XR could be used as a potential tool to improve the information exchange process among humans, cyber processes, and environments during construction management. At present, XR has been preliminarily applied in the progress inspection [6][7][8], operation instruction [9][10][11], quality inspection [12,13], hazard identification [14,15], safety education and training [16,17], safety inspection [18][19][20], and other aspects of the construction site. Based on the above XR use cases, limitations of XR still exist.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Park et al [12,[46][47][48][49][50] proposed the construction defect inspection method based on BIM and AR, which realized the automatic on-site inspection of the size deviation or omission of building elements. Chi et al [13,51] developed an AR-based method for inspecting and repairing reinforcement defects, which realized the visualization of reinforcement inspection results and rework instruction. Liu et al [52] developed a prototype of an AR system to realize the integration of the BIM model and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) aerial video, which can carry out comprehensive quality inspections of buildings.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended Reality for Safe and Effective Construction Management: State-of-the-Art, Challenges, and Future Directions

et al. 2023

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Safe and effective construction management requires tools for reducing delays, eliminating reworks, and avoiding accidents. Unfortunately, challenges still exist in current construction practices for enabling real-time interactions among project participants, field discoveries, and massive data. Extended reality (i.e., XR) could help to establish immersive and interactive virtual environments that enable real-time information exchange among humans, cyber processes, and physical environments during construction. However, limited studies have synthesized potentials, challenges, and scenarios of XR for ensuring construction safety and efficiency. This study provides a critical review that synthesizes XR in construction management. First, the authors used the PRISMA method to screen studies related to XR in construction management. Seventy-nine studies were selected and comprehensively analyzed. The authors conducted a bibliometric analysis to comprehend the spatiotemporal distributions of the selected studies. Then, the selected studies were classified into three categories: (1) progress control, (2) quality control, and (3) safety management. The authors also synthesized information for XR applications in various construction management scenarios and summarized the challenges related to XR applications. Finally, this review shed light on future research directions of XR for safe and effective construction management.

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Rebar inspection integrating augmented reality and laser scanning

Cited by 30 publications

References 32 publications

An Integrated Framework for BIM Development of Concrete Buildings Containing Both Surface Elements and Rebar

An Integrated Framework for BIM Development of Concrete Buildings Containing Both Surface Elements and Rebar

Reconstruction of tunnel lining rebars from terrestrial laser scanning data

Extended Reality for Safe and Effective Construction Management: State-of-the-Art, Challenges, and Future Directions

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