Rebooting the microbiome

Munoz, Sean; Guzman-Rodriguez, Mabel; Sun, Jun; Zhang, Yong Guo; Noordhof, Curtis; He, Shan; Allen‐Vercoe, Emma; Claud, Erika C.; Petrof, Elaine O.

doi:10.1080/19490976.2016.1188248

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The genus of Bacteroides can produce propionate (Van den Abbeele et al, 2013; Walker and Parkhill, 2013) and are involved in the transformation of bile acids (Nicholson et al, 2012). The abundance of Bacteroides was high in IBD patients (Munoz et al, 2016). In the current study, abundance of Bacteroides was not restored to normal levels by HT121, while a increasing trend was observed in the other treatment groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Strains of Lactobacilli Effectively Decrease the Colonization of VRE in a Mouse Model

Song

Zhu

et al. 2019

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) infection is a serious challenge for clinical management and there is no effective treatment at present. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and probiotic intervention have been shown to be promising approaches for reducing the colonization of certain pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, however, no such studies have been done on VRE. In this study, we evaluated the effect of FMT and two Lactobacillus strains (Y74 and HT121) on the colonization of VRE in a VRE-infection mouse model. We found that both Lactobacilli strains reduced VRE colonization rapidly. Fecal microbiota and colon mRNA expression analyses further showed that mice in FMT and the two Lactobacilli treatment groups restored their intestinal microbiota diversity faster than those in the phosphate buffer saline (PBS) treated group. Administration of Lactobacilli restored Firmicutes more quickly to the normal level, compared to FMT or PBS treatment, but restored Bacteroides to their normal level less quickly than FMT did. Furthermore, these treatments also had an impact on the relative abundance of intestinal microbiota composition from phylum to species level. RNA-seq showed that FMT treatment induced the expression of more genes in the colon, compared to the Lactobacilli treatment. Defense-related genes such as defensin α, Apoa1, and RegIII were down-regulated in both FMT and the two Lactobacilli treatment groups. Taken together, our findings indicate that both FMT and Lactobacilli treatments were effective in decreasing the colonization of VRE in the gut.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Strains of Lactobacilli Effectively Decrease the Colonization of VRE in a Mouse Model

Song

Zhu

et al. 2019

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…With respect to well-established defined communities, the probiotic cocktail VSL#3 and the fecal transplant substitute MET-1 have been tested on various human or animal intestinal cell lines (Caco-2, T84, and HT-29) (e.g., see references [138][139][140]. In most studies, however, the use of bacterial lysates or conditioned media was preferred over live bacteria (e.g., see references 72 and 141-144), because the (mainly anaerobic) gut bacteria cannot survive under the aerobic conditions needed for intestinal cell culture.…”

Section: Modeling the Host In Vitromentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Defined Microbial Communities To Model Host-Microbe Interactions in the Human Gut

Elzinga

Oost

Vos

et al. 2019

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

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SUMMARYThe human intestinal ecosystem is characterized by a complex interplay between different microorganisms and the host. The high variation within the human population further complicates the quest toward an adequate understanding of this complex system that is so relevant to human health and well-being. To study host-microbe interactions, defined synthetic bacterial communities have been introduced in gnotobiotic animals or in sophisticatedin vitrocell models. This review reinforces that our limited understanding has often hampered the appropriate design of defined communities that represent the human gut microbiota. On top of this, some communities have been applied toin vivomodels that differ appreciably from the human host. In this review, the advantages and disadvantages of using defined microbial communities are outlined, and suggestions for future improvement of host-microbe interaction models are provided. With respect to the host, technological advances, such as the development of a gut-on-a-chip system and intestinal organoids, may contribute to more-accuratein vitromodels of the human host. With respect to the microbiota, due to the increasing availability of representative cultured isolates and their genomic sequences, our understanding and controllability of the human gut “core microbiota” are likely to increase. Taken together, these advancements could further unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying the human gut microbiota superorganism. Such a gain of insight would provide a solid basis for the improvement of pre-, pro-, and synbiotics as well as the development of new therapeutic microbes.

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“…Our study showed the presence and cellular localization of AvrA in precursor lesions using human clinical specimens [30] . Recent studies have indicated that Salmonella infection changes the composition of gut microbiota [31] , [32] , suggesting that other pathogenic bacteria and commensal bacteria may also regulate Wnt1 and its downstream signaling pathways. Interestingly, our data showed that tumors that developed due to AOM/DSS without Salmonella infection had no change in Wnt1 protein level; however, human CRC has deceased Wnt1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Regulatory Roles of Wnt1 in Infection-Associated Colorectal Cancer

Wang

Lü

et al. 2018

Neoplasia

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Salmonella infection is a major public health concern, and colonization in humans can be chronic and increases the risk of cancers. Wnt signaling is a key pathway for intestinal renewal and development, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. In the current study, we report a novel role of Wnt1 in infection and colon cancer using cell culture models, a Salmonella-colitis colon cancer model, and human samples. In contrast to the bacteria-induced increases in Wnt2 and Wnt11, Salmonella colonization significantly reduced the level of Wnt1 in intestinal epithelial cells in vivo and in vitro. The bacterial AvrA protein is known to activate the canonical Wnt pathway. Wnt1 expression level was downregulated by AvrA-expressing Salmonella but stabilized by AvrA-deficient Salmonella in the intestine of Salmonella-colitis mice. In a chronic Salmonella-infected cancer model, the Wnt1 protein level was decreased in the AvrA+ infected group. Thus, we further assessed the functional role of Wnt1 downregulation in the inflammatory response and colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Moreover, downregulation of Wnt1 by the Crispr-Cas9 method promoted cancer cell invasion and migration. Interestingly, we found that Wnt1 was downregulated in human CRC tissue, and Wnt1 downregulation may be correlated with cancer progression. Our study provides insights into mechanisms by which enteric bacteria regulate Wnt1 expression and potentially contribute to infection-associated colon cancer.

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Rebooting the microbiome

Cited by 17 publications

References 54 publications

Two Strains of Lactobacilli Effectively Decrease the Colonization of VRE in a Mouse Model

Two Strains of Lactobacilli Effectively Decrease the Colonization of VRE in a Mouse Model

The Use of Defined Microbial Communities To Model Host-Microbe Interactions in the Human Gut

Novel Regulatory Roles of Wnt1 in Infection-Associated Colorectal Cancer

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