Rebuilding the Gut Microbiota Ecosystem

Gagliardi, Antonella; Totino, Valentina; Cacciotti, F.; Iebba, Valerio; Neroni, Bruna; Bonfiglio, Giulia; Trancassini, Maria; Passariello, Claudio; Pantanella, Fabrizio; Schippa, Serena

doi:10.3390/ijerph15081679

Cited by 273 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 192 publications

(252 reference statements)

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“…Symbiotic/commensal interactions allow the host and/or the bacteria to utilize otherwise unavailable nutrients [31]. When gut microbes no longer engage in mutualistic relationships, dysbiosis occurs, leading to a loss of microbial diversity, expansion of pathobionts, and disease [33].…”

Section: Gm: Metabolic Functions and Modulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Development of faster and efficient genetic sequencing tools as well as understanding of GM composition and function expanded the list of bacterial strains associated with beneficial effects for human health [190]. Among these, Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and members of Clostridium clusters IV, XIVa, and XVIII have emerged as next-generation probiotics [33]. In a 2019 proof-of-concept study, supplementation of 10 10 Akkermansia muciniphila to obese and overweight volunteers improved certain metabolic parameters [191].…”

Section: Probiotics and Gm: Implications For Bariatric Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a 2019 proof-of-concept study, supplementation of 10 10 Akkermansia muciniphila to obese and overweight volunteers improved certain metabolic parameters [191]. Akkermansia muciniphila, a member of Verrucomicrobia phylum, is severely decreased in obesity and other metabolic disturbances [33].…”

Section: Probiotics and Gm: Implications For Bariatric Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bariatric Surgery in Obesity: Effects on Gut Microbiota and Micronutrient Status

et al. 2020

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Obesity is associated with reduced gut microbial diversity and a high rate of micronutrient deficiency. Bariatric surgery, the therapy of choice for severe obesity, produces sustained weight loss and improvements in obesity-related comorbidities. Also, it significantly alters the gut microbiota (GM) composition and function, which might have an important impact on the micronutrient status as GM is able to synthesize certain vitamins, such as riboflavin, folate, B12, or vitamin K2. However, recent data have reported that GM is not fully restored after bariatric surgery; therefore, manipulation of GM through probiotics represents a promising therapeutic approach in bariatric patients. In this review, we discuss the latest evidence concerning the relationship between obesity, GM and micronutrients, the impact of bariatric surgery on GM in relation with micronutrients equilibrium, and the importance of the probiotics’ supplementation in obese patients submitted to surgical treatment.

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Section: Gm: Metabolic Functions and Modulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Probiotics and Gm: Implications For Bariatric Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bariatric Surgery in Obesity: Effects on Gut Microbiota and Micronutrient Status

et al. 2020

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“…The message, for now, is that there are many ways in the total lived westernized experience can provoke dysbiosis over time. Thus, "rebuilding the gut microbiota ecosystem" may be an essential consideration in the 21st-century clinic, with application in many NCDs [111].…”

Section: Practical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Ecology—Transforming 21st-Century Medicine with Planetary Health in Mind

Nelson¹,

Prescott

Logan³

et al. 2019

Challenges

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Four decades ago, several health movements were sprouting in isolation. In 1980, the environmental group Friends of the Earth expanded the World Health Organization definition of health, reminding citizenry that, “health is a state of complete physical, mental, social and ecological well-being and not merely the absence of disease—personal health involves planetary health”. At the same time, a small group of medical clinicians were voicing the concept of “clinical ecology”—that is, a perspective that sees illness, especially chronic illness, as a response to the total lived experience and the surroundings in which “exposures” accumulate. In parallel, other groups advanced the concept of holistic medicine. In 1977, the progressive physician-scientist Jonas Salk stated that “we are entering into a new Epoch in which holistic medicine will be the dominant model”. However, only recently have the primary messages of these mostly isolated movements merged into a unified interdisciplinary discourse. The grand, interconnected challenges of our time—an epidemic of non-communicable diseases, global socioeconomic inequalities, biodiversity losses, climate change, disconnect from the natural environment—demands that all of medicine be viewed from an ecological perspective. Aided by advances in ‘omics’ technology, it is increasingly clear that each person maintains complex, biologically-relevant microbial ecosystems, and those ecosystems are, in turn, a product of the lived experiences within larger social, political, and economic ecosystems. Recognizing that 21st-century medicine is, in fact, clinical ecology can help clear an additional path as we attempt to exit the Anthropocene.

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“…The intestine is a complex ecosystem composed of myriad coexisting bacteria, fungi and viruses that influence GI physiology 83,84 . The intestinal microbiota defends against the growth of invading bacteria and breaks down food to assist nutrient absorption by intestinal epithelial cells.…”

Section: Intestinal Organoids That Incorporate Microbiota and Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal tract modeling using organoids engineered with cellular and microbiota niches

2020

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The recent emergence of organoid technology has attracted great attention in gastroenterology because the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can be recapitulated in vitro using organoids, enabling disease modeling and mechanistic studies. However, to more precisely emulate the GI microenvironment in vivo, several neighboring cell types and types of microbiota need to be integrated into GI organoids. This article reviews the recent progress made in elucidating the crosstalk between GI organoids and components of their microenvironment. We outline the effects of stromal cells (such as fibroblasts, neural cells, immune cells, and vascular cells) on the gastric and intestinal epithelia of organoids. Because of the important roles that microbiota play in the physiology and function of the GI tract, we also highlight interactions between organoids and commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms and viruses. GI organoid models that contain niche components will provide new insight into gastroenterological pathophysiology and disease mechanisms.

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Rebuilding the Gut Microbiota Ecosystem

Cited by 273 publications

References 192 publications

Bariatric Surgery in Obesity: Effects on Gut Microbiota and Micronutrient Status

Bariatric Surgery in Obesity: Effects on Gut Microbiota and Micronutrient Status

Clinical Ecology—Transforming 21st-Century Medicine with Planetary Health in Mind

Gastrointestinal tract modeling using organoids engineered with cellular and microbiota niches

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