Recalibration of the NBS glass standards of spectral transmittance

Abstract

In 1934, Gibson, Walker, and Brown developed sets of four colored glass filters to serve as working standards of spectral transmittance for checking the reliability of spectrophotometers. Several sets of these glasses were measured carefully and reserved and designated as future reference standards. Duplicate standards evaluated by comparison with the reference standards are available by purchase to the public. The current set of reference standards was established in the years 1945 to 1947, and one of these reference standards (selenium-red) was recalibrated in 1952. This paper reports a recalibration, made in 1961 and 1962, of all four glasses (selenium-red, carbon-yellow, copper-green, cobalt-blue) on three spectrophotometers (Cary 14, Beckman DU, König-Martens). Except for the cobalt-blue standard, the values of spectral transmittance found differ from those previously assigned by amounts differing at some wavelengths by as much as or slightly more than the uncertainties estimated for the present values, though not by amounts exceeding the combined uncertainties of the present and previous determinations. The indicated changes for these three standards are fairly regular, however, and support the view that the selenium-red and carbon-yellow standards are changing chiefly by formation of a reflectance-reducing film on the surfaces. The indicated rate of upward drift is slow, and suggests that it takes about 10 years for the drift to exceed the assigned uncertainity.

Spectral Characteristics of Greenland Lichens

“…Two instruments were used in a laboratory setting, namely an integrating sphere attachment to the Hardy (General Electric) recording spectrophotometer (Gibson and Keegan, 1938) and a Cary 14 spectrophotometer with a Cary 1411 reflectance attachment (Keegan et al, 1962). Calibration of wavelengths and photometric scales was done using filters and standard test surfaces (Keegan et al, 1964). Samples were illuminated by monochromatic dispersed radiation incident at a 6°angle in the GE spectrophotometer, and specular and diffuse reflected radiation was detected in the integrating sphere.…”