Recall Bias in a Case-Control Surveillance System on the Use of Medicine during Pregnancy

Rockenbauer, Magda; Olsen, Jørn; Czeizel, Andr̀ew E.; Pedersen, Lars; Sørensen, Henrik Toft

doi:10.1097/00001648-200107000-00017

Cited by 167 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

116

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Reporting inaccuracy was minimized by using indication-based prompts for medication use 38 -43 ; furthermore, recall of medications is likely to be relatively accurate for prescription medications taken in early pregnancy for chronic hypertension. 41 Because infants without malformations served as controls, recall bias is a concern; however, we think differential recall among case mothers compared with control mothers is not a likely explanation for our findings, because we observed associations for some CVM groups and not others and for some classes of antihypertensive medications and not others. The meticulous case review decreased the misclassification of the cases and heterogeneity of the case groups 28,30 ; however, the sample sizes for the analyses of specific CVMs in relation to antihypertensive medication use were small, leading to imprecise estimates.…”

Section: Hypothesis Generationmentioning

confidence: 68%

Antihypertensive Medication Use During Pregnancy and the Risk of Cardiovascular Malformations

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-We used data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a population-based, case-control study, to examine whether previously reported associations between antihypertensive medications and cardiovascular malformations could be confirmed and to explore whether new associations might be identified. Cases (nϭ5021) were ascertained through birth defects surveillance systems from 1997 through 2003 in 10 US states. Controls (nϭ4796) were live births without birth defects selected randomly from birth certificates or hospital discharge listings in the same geographic regions. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between antihypertensive medication treatment and the occurrence of cardiovascular malformations while controlling for confounding variables. First-trimester treatment with antihypertensive medication was associated with pulmonary valve stenosis (odds ratio [OR]: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.3 to 5.4), Ebstein malformation (crude OR: 11.4; exact 95% CI: 2.8 to 34.1), coarctation of the aorta (OR: 3.0; 95% CI: 1.3 to 6.6), and secundum atrial septal defects (OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.3 to 4.4). Treatment initiated after the first trimester was associated with pulmonary valve stenosis (OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.1 to 5.4), perimembranous ventricular septal defects (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.2 to 4.6), and secundum atrial septal defects (OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.3 to 4.4). Untreated hypertension was associated with Ebstein malformation (OR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.0 to 4.3) and secundum atrial septal defects (OR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.0 to 1.6). Antihypertensive medication use and/or the underlying hypertension might increase the risk of having an infant with specific left and right obstructive and septal defects. Additional studies with adequate power will be needed to confirm these findings. Key Words: hypertension Ⅲ pregnancy Ⅲ antihypertensive agents Ⅲ congenital malformations Ⅲ cardiovascular malformations H ypertension occurs in 5% to 10% of pregnancies, 1-6 yet information on the safety of antihypertensive medication use during pregnancy is limited. For severe hypertension, antihypertensive medication is used to prevent serious maternal and fetal complications; however, there is no consensus on when to treat mild-to-moderate hypertension. Although treatment with medication might benefit the mother, it carries potential risks to the fetus from both impaired uteroplacental perfusion and fetal exposure to the medications. Angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers, 2 classes with similar mechanisms of action, are contraindicated during the second and third trimesters because of a well-known fetopathy. 1-11 The ␤-blocker atenolol has been associated with intrauterine growth retardation. [1][2][3][4][5][6][12][13][14] One concern is that hypertension or iatrogenic hypotension might cause cardiovascular malformations (CVMs) by altering perfusion in the placenta and/or fetus. [15][16][17][18][19] In rats, abnormal cardiac development has resulted from exposures to calcium channel blockers, angiote...

show abstract

Section: Hypothesis Generationmentioning

confidence: 68%

Antihypertensive Medication Use During Pregnancy and the Risk of Cardiovascular Malformations

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Recall error and biased OR up to a factor of 1.9 in casecontrol studies on maternal medication during pregnancy have been shown [42]. As infections are suspected as a cause of cancer at least in leukemia since a long time, parents of children with cancer may recall the event better, whereas parents of controls may simply not remember or may believe an exposure to be unimportant and underreport it [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal use of antibiotics and cancer in the offspring: results of a case–control study in Germany

Kaatsch¹,

Scheidemann-Wesp²,

Schüz

2010

Cancer Causes Control

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Unfortunately, DNA specimens were not collected from either mothers or children to evaluate genotype. Vitamin use could also be a surrogate marker for other factors that may be associated with childhood leukemia, 30 including health behaviors that may not have been addressed adequately in our analysis. However, because we observed a protective overall effect for ALL and not AML, it seems unlikely that residual confounding explains these results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periconceptional vitamin use and leukemia risk in children with Down syndrome

Ross

Blair

Olshan

et al. 2005

Cancer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BACKGROUNDPericonceptional vitamin supplementation reduces the risk of neural tube defects, and possibly may reduce the risk of certain childhood malignancies, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Because children with Down syndrome (DS) experience a 20‐fold higher risk of leukemia than the general population, the authors evaluated whether periconceptional vitamin supplementation reduced the risk of leukemia in children with DS.METHODSFrom 1997 to 2002, 158 children ages birth–18 years with DS and acute leukemia (n = 61 children with acute myeloid leukemia [AML] and n = 97 children with ALL) were enrolled through the Children's Oncology Group in North America. Children with DS alone (n = 173) were identified through the cases' pediatric clinics and frequency matched to cases on age. Mothers of cases and controls completed a telephone interview that included questions regarding vitamin supplement use in the periconceptional period and after knowledge of pregnancy.RESULTSA decreased risk of leukemia was observed with vitamin supplementation in the periconceptional period (odds ratio [OR] = 0.63; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.39–1.00). When stratified by leukemia type, the reduced risk was observed for ALL (OR = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.30–0.89), but not for AML (OR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.48–1.76). Compared with vitamin use in the periconceptional period, use only after knowledge of pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of leukemia (OR = 1.61; 95% CI, 1.00–2.58). This was observed for both ALL and AML.CONCLUSIONSThese data added to a growing body of evidence that suggests that periconceptional vitamin use may be protective in the development of certain childhood cancers. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.

show abstract

Recall Bias in a Case-Control Surveillance System on the Use of Medicine during Pregnancy

Cited by 167 publications

References 24 publications

Antihypertensive Medication Use During Pregnancy and the Risk of Cardiovascular Malformations

Antihypertensive Medication Use During Pregnancy and the Risk of Cardiovascular Malformations

Maternal use of antibiotics and cancer in the offspring: results of a case–control study in Germany

Periconceptional vitamin use and leukemia risk in children with Down syndrome

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About