Recall Frequency of Positive and Negative Dreams in a Representative German Sample

Schredl, Michael

doi:10.2466/pms.108.3.677-680

Cited by 26 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Overall, the findings indicate that dream recall frequency, nightmare frequency, and lucid dream frequency decline with age during adulthood and, thus, are in line with the findings from cross-sectional studies (Schredl, 2008(Schredl, , 2009bStepansky et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Changes in dream recall frequency, nightmare frequency, and lucid dream frequency over a 3-year period.

Schredl¹,

Göritz²

2015

Dreaming

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Cross-sectional studies indicate that dream recall frequency declines with age; longitudinal studies, however, are scarce. The present data from 2 online dream studies in the same panel carried out independently (N ϭ 1,340 completed both surveys) indicate that there is an overall decline in dream recall frequency, nightmare frequency, and lucid dreaming frequency, even though for the majority of the sample the 3 variables remained quite stable over this time interval. The reasons for this decline are yet poorly understood. Future longitudinal studies should include cognitive measures (visual memory), personality measures (thin boundaries), sleep parameters, stress measures, and attitude toward dreams scales to test whether changes in these measures might explain the changes in the recall measures.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Changes in dream recall frequency, nightmare frequency, and lucid dream frequency over a 3-year period.

Schredl¹,

Göritz²

2015

Dreaming

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“…Specifically, Schredl and Gӧritz [217] analyzed the changes in dream recall rate and nightmare frequency in a large age range sample (16–89 years of age), over a three-year period. They found a reduction during aging, confirming findings from previous cross-sectional studies [219,220,221]. We could hypothesize that the decrease of strain and pressure in the elderly’s lifestyle could explain this phenomenon [217] since the nightmares are usually elicited by stressful factors [222].…”

Section: Dreaming Across the Lifespansupporting

confidence: 85%

Mental Sleep Activity and Disturbing Dreams in the Lifespan

Scarpelli

Bartolacci

D’Atri

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Sleep significantly changes across the lifespan, and several studies underline its crucial role in cognitive functioning. Similarly, mental activity during sleep tends to covary with age. This review aims to analyze the characteristics of dreaming and disturbing dreams at different age brackets. On the one hand, dreams may be considered an expression of brain maturation and cognitive development, showing relations with memory and visuo-spatial abilities. Some investigations reveal that specific electrophysiological patterns, such as frontal theta oscillations, underlie dreams during sleep, as well as episodic memories in the waking state, both in young and older adults. On the other hand, considering the role of dreaming in emotional processing and regulation, the available literature suggests that mental sleep activity could have a beneficial role when stressful events occur at different age ranges. We highlight that nightmares and bad dreams might represent an attempt to cope the adverse events, and the degrees of cognitive-brain maturation could impact on these mechanisms across the lifespan. Future investigations are necessary to clarify these relations. Clinical protocols could be designed to improve cognitive functioning and emotional regulation by modifying the dream contents or the ability to recall/non-recall them.

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“…In contrast to previous findings [25,26], we did not find a relationship between urbanicity and dream recall frequency. Moreover, living in an urban setting was also not related to heightened nightmare frequency, a finding which is in line with Schredl [23] but not with Schredl [21], who reported a small but significant relationship between nightmares frequency and place of residence size.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The main finding is that chronotype and urbanicity did not contribute independently from other factors like gender, neuroticism, and openness to experience to nightmare frequency. In addition, the previously reported [25,26] positive correlation between dream recall frequency and place of residence size could not be replicated. However, persons living in an urban environment experienced less nightmare distress (small effect) than persons living in rural environments-controlling for personality, nightmare frequency, education, gender, and age.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

“…Neither of these studies included stress and/or neuroticism measures to control for mediator effects of these variables. Interestingly, dream recall frequency was higher in persons living in big cities compared to persons who live in rural areas [25,26], but this was not replicated by Stepansky et al [22]. To summarize, the two factors, chronotype and urbanicity, might be related to nightmare frequency but this association might be simply explained by neuroticism/stress scores as mediators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Nightmares, Chronotype, Urbanicity, and Personality: An Online Study

Schredl

Göritz

2020

Clocks & Sleep

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Chronotype refers to individual differences in sleep timing (“owls” and “larks”) and “eveningness” has been associated with nightmares. However, it has not been tested as to whether neuroticism mediates this relationship. Urbanicity refers to being raised in an urban region and/or currently living in an urban region and is associated with heightened risk for developing mental disorders, and thus might be related to nightmare frequency and nightmare distress. Overall, 2492 persons (1437 women, 1055 men) completed an online survey between 23 March 2015 and 8 April 2015. The mean age of the sample was 47.75 ± 14.41 years. The findings indicate that the previously reported relationship between chronotype and nightmare frequency was mediated by neuroticism and “morningness” was related to higher dream recall compared to persons with a late bedtime preference. Urbanicity was not related to nightmare frequency but to lower nightmare distress, raising the interesting question as to whether beliefs about nightmares might be an important variable that contributes to nightmare distress. Based on the few studies so far, there are still many unresolved questions about the interaction between nightmares, chronotype, and urbanicity.

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Recall Frequency of Positive and Negative Dreams in a Representative German Sample

Cited by 26 publications

References 10 publications

Changes in dream recall frequency, nightmare frequency, and lucid dream frequency over a 3-year period.

Changes in dream recall frequency, nightmare frequency, and lucid dream frequency over a 3-year period.

Mental Sleep Activity and Disturbing Dreams in the Lifespan

Nightmares, Chronotype, Urbanicity, and Personality: An Online Study

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