Recall, Verbatim Memory and Remembered Narratives

Ost, James; Scoboria, Alan; Grant, Tim; Pankhurst, Gary

doi:10.1002/9781118769133.ch3

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Consequently, scholars switched their attention to the development of interviewing techniques aimed at enhancing the amount of information revealed by the interviewee and to elicit cues to deception (Vrij and Granhag, 2012; Vrij, 2014). Most of them are based on memory research and cognition and have shown potential in discriminating truth tellers and liars (Vrij, 2008, 2015, 2018; Ost et al, 2015; Rosenfeld, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting Lies via a Theme-Selection Strategy

2019

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Most of deception research has focused on past events that were either completely truthful or a complete fabrication. However, people often tell a mixture of truths and lies. This could enable investigators to make within-subjects comparisons between different themes discussed in one interview, which we examined in the current experiment. Seventy-three participants took part in the experiment and were asked to either tell the truth about two themes, or to tell the truth about one theme and lie about the second theme in a HUMINT setting. Results showed that examining the differences in the amount of detail provided by the interviewees for each theme- obtained through a Theme-Selection strategy (a within-subjects measure)- yielded stronger results than examining differences between truth tellers and liars based on the entire interview without accounting for themes (between-subjects measure). The present study therefore highlighted the effectiveness of within-subjects measurements to both discriminate truth tellers from liars and to discover which section of a statement is false.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting Lies via a Theme-Selection Strategy

2019

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“…Certainly, discrepancy detection can limit the misinformation effect to some degree (as observed in Blank et al, 2022). However, remembering is a complex activity, with various judgement and decision making processes involved (e.g., Blank, 2009; Greenspan & Loftus, 2022; Koriat & Goldsmith, 1996; Ost et al, 2016; Pena et al, 2017), so there is likely a lot of ambiguity when responding to questions after encountering misinformation. Consequently, individuals may have very different understandings of the demands and characteristics presented by the task.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double misinformation and eyewitness performance: An experimental replication

Smołka,

Blank

2024

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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Eyewitnesses may be exposed to multiple pieces of misinformation concerning the same original detail. The two misleading details contradicting each other enable detecting a discrepancy between them, which, given that only one of them can be true, should reduce credibility of the misinformation source(s) and improve reporting. This, however, can only happen at sufficiently high levels of misinformation availability (i.e., encoding of misinformation and its subsequent accessibility): with low misinformation availability, double misinformation should instead increase the misinformation effect, providing multiple chances of yielding to misinformation. To test these predictions, we experimentally manipulated misinformation availability (high vs. low) and presented double or single misinformation. However, double versus single misinformation presentation did not affect performance or interact with misinformation availability and participants frequently reported misinformation while fully detecting discrepancies between items. Therefore, discrepancy detection alone may not be sufficient in reducing the misinformation effect, with various decision‐making processes involved in reporting.

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“…Though the nature of overconfidence in episodic and autobiographical memory is unclear, when we take into consideration that the witnesses do not usually regulate their memory spontaneously (see the second section), it is vital to provide and encourage "linguistic opt -outs", i.e. the option not to answer the questions if the answer is unknown (Ost et al, 2016).…”

Section: Reducing Overconfidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Polish Psychological Bulletin

Skopicz-Radkiewicz,

Niedzwienska

2019

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There is a general agreement that remembering depends not only on the memory processes as such but rather that encoding, storage and retrieval are under the constant influence of the overarching, metacognitive processes. Moreover, many interventions designed to improve memory refer in fact to metacognition. Most attempts to integrate the very different theoretical and experimental approaches in this domain focus on encoding, whereas there is relatively little integration of approaches that focus on retrieval. Therefore, we reviewed the studies that used new ideas to improve memory retrieval due to a "metacognitive intervention". We concluded that whereas single experimental manipulations were not likely to increase metacognitive ability, more extensive interventions were. We proposed possible theoretical perspectives, namely the Source Monitoring Framework, as a means to integrate the two, so far separate, ways of thinking about the role of metacognition in retrieval: the model of strategic regulation of memory, and the research on appraisals in autobiographical memory. We identified venues for future research which could address, among other issues, integration of these perspectives.

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Recall, Verbatim Memory and Remembered Narratives

Cited by 3 publications

References 69 publications

Detecting Lies via a Theme-Selection Strategy

Detecting Lies via a Theme-Selection Strategy

Double misinformation and eyewitness performance: An experimental replication

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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