Recarbonization of the Biosphere

Lal, Rattan; Lorenz, Klaus; Hüttl, Reinhard F.; Schneider, Bernd Uwe; Braun, Joachim von

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4159-1

Cited by 46 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 477 publications

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“…However, temperature change will also alter the community composition of plants and soil organisms (T oth et al, 2007;Davidson & Janssens, 2006;Pries, Castanha, Porras, & Torn, 2017;Melillo et al, 2017). As stated already, Cryosols may contain as much as 1,672 Pg C (Jungkunst et al, 2012;Tarnocai et al, 2009), and thawing may accentuate mineralization (Nowinski, Taneva, Trumbore, & Welker, 2010) even of older SOC. However, a small fraction of total SOC stock in Cryosols may stabilize with possible formation of pedogenic carbonates from aerial deposition of some Ca and Mg (Kawahigashi, Kaiser, Rodionov, & Guggenberger, 2006;Striegl, Aiken, Dornblaser, Raymond, & Wickland, 2005;Zamanian, Pustovoytov, & Kzyakov, 2016), and by enhanced aggregation in the active layer (Schmidt et al, 2011).…”

Section: Decomposition Of Soil Organic Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SOC stock to 1-m depth is estimated at 1,505 Pg ( Figure 6), of which 612 Pg is contributed by peatlands which cover only 3% of the total land area (Yu et al, 2011). An additional amount of 1,672 Pg C is stored in frozen or permafrost soils (Cryosols) (Jungkunst et al, 2012;Tarnocai et al, 2009). Conversion of natural to managed ecosystems depletes the SOC stock.…”

Section: The Historic and Present Land Use And Associated Soc Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An additional 1,672 Pg C exists in Cryosols of total 1,505 Pg in 1-m depth, peatlands contain 612 Pg (~41%) but cover only 3% of land surface. (Data compiled from Yu et al, 2011;Batjes, 2016;K€ ochy et al, 2015;Tarnocai et al, 2009;Jungkunst et al, 2012;ITPS, 2017) LAL | 3289 modified by human, 4.8 for 7,599 Mha of total ice-free and nondesert land, and 2.3 for 13,010 Mha of total ice-free land. Along with the sediment, as much as 4-6 Pg C is transported and redistributed over the landscape and some of it emitted into the atmosphere (Lal, 2003).…”

Section: Soil Erosion and Soc Dyn Amicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Digging deeper: A holistic perspective of factors affecting soil organic carbon sequestration in agroecosystems

Lal

2018

Global Change Biology

559

239

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The global magnitude (Pg) of soil organic carbon (SOC) is 677 to 0.3-m, 993 to 0.5-m, and 1,505 to 1-m depth. Thus, ~55% of SOC to 1-m lies below 0.3-m depth. Soils of agroecosystems are depleted of their SOC stock and have a low use efficiency of inputs of agronomic yield. This review is a collation and synthesis of articles published in peer-reviewed journals. The rates of SOC sequestration are scaled up to the global level by linear extrapolation. Soil C sink capacity depends on depth, clay content and mineralogy, plant available water holding capacity, nutrient reserves, landscape position, and the antecedent SOC stock. Estimates of the historic depletion of SOC in world soils, 115-154 (average of 135) Pg C and equivalent to the technical potential or the maximum soil C sink capacity, need to be improved. A positive soil C budget is created by increasing the input of biomass-C to exceed the SOC losses by erosion and mineralization. The global hotspots of SOC sequestration, soils which are farther from C saturation, include eroded, degraded, desertified, and depleted soils. Ecosystems where SOC sequestration is feasible include 4,900 Mha of agricultural land including 332 Mha equipped for irrigation, 400 Mha of urban lands, and ~2,000 Mha of degraded lands. The rate of SOC sequestration (Mg C ha year ) is 0.25-1.0 in croplands, 0.10-0.175 in pastures, 0.5-1.0 in permanent crops and urban lands, 0.3-0.7 in salt-affected and chemically degraded soils, 0.2-0.5 in physically degraded and prone to water erosion, and 0.05-0.2 for those susceptible to wind erosion. Global technical potential of SOC sequestration is 1.45-3.44 Pg C/year (2.45 Pg C/year).

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Section: Decomposition Of Soil Organic Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Historic and Present Land Use And Associated Soc Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Soil Erosion and Soc Dyn Amicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Digging deeper: A holistic perspective of factors affecting soil organic carbon sequestration in agroecosystems

Lal

2018

Global Change Biology

559

239

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“…The total organic carbon stock in the soil surface horizon in the Legal Amazon is 27.7 × 100 t. The state of Amazonas is responsible for approximately 9.0 × 100 t of this organic carbon (IBGE, 2011). However, removal of vegetation on these soils favors the emission of greenhouse gases and the decrease of carbon stock (Dias, 2010;Lal et al, 2012;Nobre et al, 2016).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Distribution of Soil Organic Carbon in Amazonia

Franco¹,

Souza²,

Faria³

et al. 2018

JAS

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The Amazon rainforest is considered the most important ecosystem in the world for the global carbon balance due to its high carbon storage in soil and in the vegetation. Unfortunately, there are few studies about organic fraction of its soils. Thus, the present research aimed to quantify the soil organic carbon content (OC) and to analyze its spatial distribution using 701 soil samples from minimally anthropic areas compiled from previous studies. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and spatial variability analyses of OC and other physical and chemical soil data were performed. The high variability of OC between soil groups were attributed to the preservation and protection of carbon by oxides, reduction process and organic-rich parent material. OC was strongly positively correlated with total nitrogen (N) content, C:N ratio and cation exchange capacity at pH 7.0. The maps produced showing the spatial distribution of CO and that based on C:N ratio would be support for the creation of priority areas in the conservation of ecosystem.

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New tools for dead roots: Radioisotope labelling and compound‐specific analysis reveal how subsoil hotspots work

Banfield

2022

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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Subsoils are increasingly studied as they, first, store a great deal of terrestrial carbon (C) and possibly even more, and second, offer resources like water and nutrients to plants, potentially mitigating negative consequences of global change. As subsoil access is often hampered by compacted soil layers, the key to accessing subsoil resources and storing more C below ground might be in biopores. Appropriately nicknamed 'highways of root growth' , biopores are macropores left behind by dying roots and earthworm activities, often enriched with organic matter (OM) and nutrients. They are thought to be the most abundant microbial hotspots in the subsoil, thus possibly accounting for a large part of C turnover, as well as offering pore wall nutrients to subsequent crops. Understanding the multifunctionality and complexities of biopores remains challenging. This contribution aims to showcase analytical ways to deepen our understanding of origin and functioning of biopores and hotspots. Regarding their biogeochemistry, biopore OM quality and its turnover can be better unravelled through compound-specific analysis to deduct bioporespecific OM turnover. Biopores can be reliably differentiated by their OM quality. A more profound understanding of subsoil C turnover in very contrasting hotspots is crucially important for managing subsoil functions. Biopores are often assumed to be beneficial in crop sequences. Roots making use of specific biopores can be, for the first time, quantified after radiotracer application, two-step phosphor imaging, and image processing.Combining radioactive with stable isotopes as well as plant and microbial biomarkers allows to investigate the relevance of individual pore wall nutrients in plant growth in consideration of physical biopore properties. Biopore-friendly management practices (e.g., reduced tillage, perennial cover cropping) could be part of smart subsoil management. Faster access to subsoil water and concentrated biopore nutrients may safeguard agricultural production-especially in times of rising fertiliser costs (both monetary and environmental) and more frequent droughts.

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Recarbonization of the Biosphere

Cited by 46 publications

References 477 publications

Digging deeper: A holistic perspective of factors affecting soil organic carbon sequestration in agroecosystems

Digging deeper: A holistic perspective of factors affecting soil organic carbon sequestration in agroecosystems

Spatial Distribution of Soil Organic Carbon in Amazonia

New tools for dead roots: Radioisotope labelling and compound‐specific analysis reveal how subsoil hotspots work

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