Recent Advancement in Disposable Electrode Modified with Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Heavy Metal Sensors

Nor, Noorhashimah Mohamad; Ramli, Nurul Hidayah; Poobalan, Hemalatha; Tan, Kai Qi; Razak, Khairunisak Abdul

doi:10.1080/10408347.2021.1950521

Cited by 42 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 201 publications

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“…Undeniably, the modified electrodes have potential stability problems as the modifying layer can easily lose activity, is difficult to refresh, and tends to even fall off. ,, This method can not only significantly reduce the workload but also shorten the design cycle of the electrode, which is stable, accurate, economical, practical, and accessible to be commercialized in the future. Besides, the codeposition mechanism is useful to preconcentrate As(III) from its dilute solution for not only electrochemical detection but also other analytical purposes.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well known that commercial glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) are chemically stable and usually utilized as common working electrodes in electroanalysis. However, As(III) is electrochemically inert at the surface of bare GCE, and various nanomaterial modifiers are always required for the electrochemical detection of As(III) on GCE. , Fabrication technologies for chemically modified electrodes, including absorption, covalent binding, crosslinking, and vacuum or semiconductor fabrication methods, among others, the embedded chemically modified electrodes are used due to their sufficient stability, especially for noble-metal-base nanomaterials. − With the thriving of various nanomaterials with excellent electrocatalytic properties, drip coating and other physical methods are widely applied in designing sensitive interfaces due to their simple and easy operation. − However, modified electrodes prepared using some physical methods have problems such as modifier shedding, nonuniformity of active sites, and the inconsistent performance of different batches of modified electrodes, greatly affecting the detection accuracy and stability. ,− The potential stability problem makes it much more challenging to accurately detect As(III) with some modified electrodes. Moreover, most previously reported detection mechanisms are restricted to a specific modified electrode interface. , Therefore, it is crucial to design a practical strategy to achieve accurate and stable detection of As(III) without any nanomaterial modifier and explore general sensing mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Practical Strategy for Arsenic(III) Electroanalysis without Modifier in Natural Water: Triggered by Iron Group Ions in Solution

Cai

Xia

et al. 2023

Anal. Chem.

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Significant progress has been made in nanomaterial-modified electrodes for highly efficient electroanalysis of arsenic(III) (As(III)). However, the modifiers prepared using some physical methods may easily fall off, and active sites are not uniform, causing the potential instability of the modified electrode. This work first reports a promising practical strategy without any modifiers via utilizing only soluble Fe3+ as a trigger to detect trace-level As(III) in natural water. This method reaches an actual detection limit of 1 ppb on bare glassy carbon electrodes and a sensitivity of 0.296 μA ppb–1 with excellent stability. Kinetic simulations and experimental evidence confirm the codeposition mechanism that Fe3+ is preferentially deposited as Fe0, which are active sites to adsorb As(III) and H+ on the electrode surface. This facilitates the formation of AsH3, which could further react with Fe2+ to produce more As0 and Fe0. Meanwhile, the produced Fe0 can also accelerate the efficient enrichment of As0. Remarkably, the proposed sensing mechanism is a general rule for the electroanalysis of As(III) that is triggered by iron group ions (Fe2+, Fe3+, Co2+, and Ni2+). The interference analysis of coexisting ions (Cu2+, Zn2+, Al3+, Hg2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, SO4 2–, NO3 –, Cl–, and F–) indicates that only Cu2+, Pb2+, and F– showed inhibitory effects on As(III) due to the competition of active sites. Surprisingly, adding iron power effectively eliminates the interference of Cu2+ in natural water, achieving a higher sensitivity for 1–15 ppb As(III) (0.487 μA ppb–1). This study provides effective solutions to overcome the potential instability of modified electrodes and offers a practical sensing platform for analyzing other heavy-metal anions.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical Strategy for Arsenic(III) Electroanalysis without Modifier in Natural Water: Triggered by Iron Group Ions in Solution

Cai

Xia

et al. 2023

Anal. Chem.

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“…However, these types of electrodes have been replaced because of their toxicity to humans and the environment. Recently, disposable electrodes, such as screen-printed electrodes (SPCEs) and indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes, have been used for electrochemical heavy metal detection. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Sensing of Cd(II), Pb(II), and Cu(II) Using Gold Nanoparticle-Modified APTES-Functionalized Indium Tin Oxide Electrode: Effect of APTES Concentration

et al. 2023

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In this work, indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes were functionalized with varying 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) concentration percentages (0.5, 0.75, 1.0, and 2.0 wt %) to obtain the optimum conditions for the assembly of the as-synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The AuNP coverage, wettability, and electrochemical performance of the modified electrodes were evaluated. The AuNP/0.75% APTES-ITO-modified electrode exhibited uniform coverage of AuNPs and high electrochemical performance for the simultaneous detection of Cd(II), Pb(II), and Cu(II) ions. Under the optimum conditions, the AuNP/0.75% APTES-ITO-modified electrode showed a linear detection range of 5–120 ppb and limit of detection of 0.73, 0.90, and 0.49 ppb for the simultaneous detection of Cd(II), Pb(II), and Cu(II) ions, respectively, via square wave anodic stripping voltammetry. The modified electrode demonstrated good anti-interference toward other heavy metal ions, good reproducibility, and suitability for application in environmental sample analysis.

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“…Electrochemical sensing strategies are versatile and powerful tools in providing real-time and on-site measurement in a variety of areas, including clinical diagnostic, environmental, agricultural, and food monitoring [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. The electrochemical sensing provides advantages in offering high sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy, and cost effectiveness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress of Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Biosensor Based on Nanomaterial-Modified Electrode

2022

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This review covers the progress of nanomaterial-modified electrodes for enzymatic and non-enzymatic glucose biosensors. Fundamental insights into glucose biosensor components and the crucial factors controlling the electrochemical performance of glucose biosensors are discussed in detail. The metal, metal oxide, and hybrid/composite nanomaterial fabrication strategies for the modification of electrodes, mechanism of detection, and significance of the nanomaterials toward the electrochemical performance of enzymatic and non-enzymatic glucose biosensors are compared and comprehensively reviewed. This review aims to provide readers with an overview and underlying concept of producing a reliable, stable, cost-effective, and excellent electrochemical performance of a glucose biosensor.

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Recent Advancement in Disposable Electrode Modified with Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Heavy Metal Sensors

Cited by 42 publications

References 201 publications

Practical Strategy for Arsenic(III) Electroanalysis without Modifier in Natural Water: Triggered by Iron Group Ions in Solution

Practical Strategy for Arsenic(III) Electroanalysis without Modifier in Natural Water: Triggered by Iron Group Ions in Solution

Simultaneous Sensing of Cd(II), Pb(II), and Cu(II) Using Gold Nanoparticle-Modified APTES-Functionalized Indium Tin Oxide Electrode: Effect of APTES Concentration

Progress of Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Biosensor Based on Nanomaterial-Modified Electrode

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