Recent Advancements in Diabetes Pharmacotherapy

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus has reached epidemic proportions in many countries. Current challenges in diabetes mellitus management include: optimizing the use of currently available therapies to ensure adequate glycemic, blood pressure, and lipid control and to reduce complications. Aim of the review is to provide a brief overview of recent advancement in diabetes mellitus management. Method Different published articles were reviewed systematically. Result Current standard of care for Type 2 Diabetes mellitus consists of screening for elevated HbA1c levels or, in some cases, fasting plasma glucose, with diagnosis followed by management with lifestyle modifications and metformin. While Insulin, along with diet, is crucial to the survival of individuals with Type 1Diabetes Mellitus. Despite the known benefits of lifestyle modification, and insulin therapy many individuals still find it harder to maintain a healthier life because of the higher possibilities of sedentary behavior and overeating in the modern world. The success of antidiabetes medication has also been limited by their mechanisms of action, and undesirable side effects. The past 10 years have seen an explosion in the number of new treatments available for diabetes and there are a number of exciting new drugs in development to achieve these goals including oral insulin, islet and pancreatic cell transplant, gene therapy, the incretins, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor inhibitors, and sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors to treat Type 2 diabetes Mellitus. Conclusion Current standard of care for diabetes management is not sufficient to provide long run benefits to diabetes patients. Therefore, future remedies with the modifications in insulin delivery system and pharmacogenetic therapeutic approaches could possibly provide the much nodded effect and changes the outcome of diabetes management with new outlook.

A Pilot Study for Metabolic Profiling of Obesity-Associated Microbial Gut Dysbiosis in Male Wistar Rats

“…Furthermore, being obese can also lead to important disorders, including diabetes and its associated conditions [6] and musculoskeletal disorders, such as osteoarthritis [7]. In accordance to that, since 1980, the rates of diabetes have quadrupled around the world [8]. Finally, even some cancers (including endometrial, breast, ovarian, prostate, liver, gallbladder, kidney, and colon cancers) have also been associated with obesity [9,10].…”