Recent Advancements in Plant-Based Natural Coagulant Application in the Water and Wastewater Coagulation-Flocculation Process: Challenges and Future Perspectives

Abstract

<p>Growing environmental awareness coupled with stricter regulations has pushed various industries to look for appropriate technologies to treat wastewater. Natural coagulants have recently been used as part of water and wastewater technologies due to their performance, cost-effectiveness when compared to chemical coagulants, they produce less sludge and are safer for humans. A huge effort has also been taken to find new plant species and ingredients that may be used as natural coagulants, and hence improve the efficacy of existing plant-based natural coagulants. The purpose of this research is to assess the progress of various natural coagulants used for water and wastewater treatment. Besides, several plant-based natural coagulants are also summarized and reviewed. The results reveal that natural coagulants are more successful than chemical coagulants at removing heavy metals and suspended particles from wastewater, with better removal efficiency exceeding chemical coagulants and being more environmentally friendly.</p>

Potential of natural coagulants for bioremediation of persistent organic pollutants in wastewater in sub-Saharan Africa: A review

“…They may be more suitable for specific applications and may require adjustment of dosage based on water Chemical coagulants usually offer more predictable performance across a wide range of water conditions, providing greater flexibility in application. (Abujazar et al, 2022;Alazaiza, Albahnasawi, Ali, et al, 2022;Nimesha et al, 2022) Cost In some cases, natural coagulants can be more expensive than chemical alternatives. However, costeffectiveness may vary based on factors like local availability of raw materials and the specific water treatment requirements.…”

“…Natural coagulants are increasingly favored for their health and environmental benefits, addressing issues associated with chemical coagulants (Abujazar et al, 2022). Common plantbased coagulants include Hibiscus sabdariffa (M. Ahmad et al, 2023;Chen et al, 2023;Hoong & Ismail, 2018;Zheng et al, 2021), Moringa oleifera (Bina et al, 2010;George et al, 2016;Khattabi Rifi et al, 2023;Mehdinejad & Bina, 2018), Nirmali seeds (Maruthi et al, 2013;Mohan, 2014;Yin, 2010), watermelon seeds (Chikomo & Manyuchi, 2016;Joaquin et al, 2022;Kukwa et al, 2017;I.…”