Recent advancements in pretreatment technologies of biomass to produce bioenergy

Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass with autochthonous fungi from Serbia

“…The purpose of the pretreatment is to remove lignin (Gauna et al, 2018;Nair and Sivakumar, 2020), thus when selecting organisms, attention was primarily focused on those isolates that were the best producers of ligninolytic enzymes. Among the 12 isolated fungi, the best ligninolytic activity (laccase, manganese peroxidase, and versatile peroxidase) showed two isolates, F13 and F28 (Figure 1 and 2), which were identified as Trametes hirsuta F13 and Stereum gausapatum F28, respectively.…”

“…Lignocellulosic waste as a renewable resource has attracted attention as a potential substrate for the production of valueadded chemicals, but its complex structure prevents its direct use; it needs to be pretreated to remove lignin and hydrolyzed before it could be used, which can be done by chemical, physical, physicochemical, or biological methods (Gauna et al, 2018;Nair and Sivakumar, 2020;Vučurović et al, 2019). The use of fungi or their enzymes in the pretreatment and hydrolysis of the lignocellulosic substrate is an ecologically safe method, and there is no formation of toxic components that can be hostile to the production microorganism (Nair and Sivakumar, 2020). The biggest disadvantage of this method is the long pretreatment time, which can be 1-3 months, as well as the loss of a certain amount of sugar -an integral part of lignocellulosic biomassrequired for fermentation processes (Mielenz, 2020;Zhang et al, 2020).…”