Recent advancements in supercapacitors based on different electrode materials: Classifications, synthesis methods and comparative performance

Lamba, Priyanka; Singh, Parul; Singh, Parminder; Singh, Pushpa; Bharti,; Kumar, Ashwani; Gupta, Manoj; Kumar, Yogesh

doi:10.1016/j.est.2021.103871

Cited by 168 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“…Generally, the performance metrics of FSSSCs, including specific energy/power densities and mechanical/electrochemical stabilities, depend on several factors, e.g., electrolyte , and electrode materials. − In particular, the electrolyte is a crucial component that not only separates the two electrodes composing the FSSSCs, but also provides the ion-conducting medium that transfers and balances the charges between two electrodes, on whose surface the electrical double layer is formed. , Generally, solid-state electrolytes include both gel electrolytes (which, technically, are classified as quasi-solid state electrolytes , ) and solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) . Compared to gel ones, SPEs typically show superior dimensional stability and mechanical strength. , Examples of SPEs are proton-conducting polymers, such as Nafion (brand name for sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer) and sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK), , which are also widely exploited in the form of proton-exchange membranes (PEMs) for several energy storage and conversion applications. , Despite its high proton conductivity (σ, around 90 mS cm –1 at 25 °C) and its satisfactory mechanical and thermal stabilities, , Nafion has a high cost (∼$200 USD, 30 × 30 cm –2 for Nafion 117) that may limit its application in practical FSSSCs, whose market uptake is still at its infancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalized Metallic 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenide-Based Solid-State Electrolyte for Flexible All-Solid-State Supercapacitors

et al. 2022

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Highly efficient and durable flexible solid-state supercapacitors (FSSSCs) are emerging as low-cost devices for portable and wearable electronics due to the elimination of leakage of toxic/corrosive liquid electrolytes and their capability to withstand elevated mechanical stresses. Nevertheless, the spread of FSSSCs requires the development of durable and highly conductive solid-state electrolytes, whose electrochemical characteristics must be competitive with those of traditional liquid electrolytes. Here, we propose an innovative composite solid-state electrolyte prepared by incorporating metallic two-dimensional group-5 transition metal dichalcogenides, namely, liquid-phase exfoliated functionalized niobium disulfide (f-NbS2) nanoflakes, into a sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) polymeric matrix. The terminal sulfonate groups in f-NbS2 nanoflakes interact with the sulfonic acid groups of SPEEK by forming a robust hydrogen bonding network. Consequently, the composite solid-state electrolyte is mechanically/dimensionally stable even at a degree of sulfonation of SPEEK as high as 70.2%. At this degree of sulfonation, the mechanical strength is 38.3 MPa, and thanks to an efficient proton transport through the Grotthuss mechanism, the proton conductivity is as high as 94.4 mS cm–1 at room temperature. To elucidate the importance of the interaction between the electrode materials (including active materials and binders) and the solid-state electrolyte, solid-state supercapacitors were produced using SPEEK and poly(vinylidene fluoride) as proton conducting and nonconducting binders, respectively. The use of our solid-state electrolyte in combination with proton-conducting SPEEK binder and carbonaceous electrode materials (mixture of activated carbon, single/few-layer graphene, and carbon black) results in a solid-state supercapacitor with a specific capacitance of 116 F g–1 at 0.02 A g–1, optimal rate capability (76 F g–1 at 10 A g–1), and electrochemical stability during galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling and folding/bending stresses.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalized Metallic 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenide-Based Solid-State Electrolyte for Flexible All-Solid-State Supercapacitors

et al. 2022

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“…As the worldwide population is completely dependent on electronic devices for the basic daily requirements, the need for energy storage systems is of utmost important that has led to extensive research endeavor for designing low-cost energy storage devices with excellent performances. Supercapacitors are a promising energy storage medium with exceptional properties, including very high power density, long cyclic stability, rapid charging-dischar-ging, eco-friendly, and weightless material [2,3]. In general, supercapacitors are classified into two types based on their charge storage mechanism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Graphene Oxide‐Tailored CuFe₂O₄ Nanoparticles as an Electrode Material for High‐Performance Supercapacitors

Mary

Vijaya

Nair

et al. 2022

Journal of Nanomaterials

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Transition metal oxide-based magnetic nanocomposites attract great attention due to their unique properties and applications in the field of energy storage. Herein, we present a facile microwave procedure for the synthesis of CuFe2O4 (CF) and CuFe2O4 incorporated with reduced graphene oxide CuFe2O4/rGO (CG) as potential electrode materials for hybrid supercapacitor. The structure and morphology of CF and CG nanoparticles are examined. The electrochemical performance is studied in 6 M aqueous KOH electrolyte using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The attractive CG nanocomposite exhibits high specific capacity of 800 C/g at a current density of 2 A/g and better cycling stability when compared to pure CF, due to the formation of nanostructure composed of ferrite nanoparticles homogeneously incorporated onto rGO sheets. Furthermore, the practicability of CG electrode is investigated by the fabrication of CG and activated carbon. The hybrid supercapacitor device shows excellent electrochemical performance with specific energy of 18.3 Wh/kg and a specific power of 455 W/kg. It is noteworthy that the cyclic stability is excellent with a capacity retention of ~98% after 3000 cycles manifesting the superiority of CG electrode. The proposed device demonstrates the potential to fabricate other metal oxides with activated carbon via a facile synthesis method for promoting application in energy storage materials and promoting new opportunities of binary nanocomposite.

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“…The ever-growing demand for the wider and deeper use of electronic devices have led to the development of high-performance energy storage devices. Benefiting from the high power density, fast discharge–charge rate, and long cycle life, supercapacitors are the next-generation energy storage devices. − Specifically, one type of supercapacitor, known as the electrical double-layer capacitor (EDLC), has attracted considerable attention because of its performance and environmentally friendly electrode materials. Carbon-based materials, for instance, carbon spheres, − activated carbon, − graphene, − and carbon nanotubes, − are widely studied electrode materials for EDLCs due to their high chemical stability and straightforward preparation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quasi-Solid, Bio-Renewable Supercapacitors Based on Cassava Peel and Cassava Starch and the Use of Carbon Dots as Performance Enhancers

et al. 2022

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Despite receiving high regard as potential energy storage devices, high-performance supercapacitors that can be produced from bio-renewable sources at low cost are still in need. In this work, a novel fabrication process for cassava-based supercapacitors was described in which carbon dots (CDs) and activated carbon (AC) were prepared from cassava peel and a quasi-solid polymer electrolyte was prepared for the first time from cassava starch (CS). A specific capacitance (C sp) of 138.2 F g–1 was obtained from the AC electrode in the CS/H2SO4 electrolyte, which was much greater than 95.9 F g–1 of the AC electrode in a PVA/H2SO4 solution. The CDs were employed as additives in the electrode and electrolyte. The addition of 10 wt % CDs to the AC electrode in the pristine CS/H2SO4 electrolyte increased the C sp to 239.5 F g–1. When 0.02 wt % CDs were added to the CS/H2SO4 electrolyte, a high specific capacitance of 374.6 F g–1 was obtained. Moreover, the fabricated supercapacitor exhibited an impressive cycling stability of 93.3% after 10,000 cycles and showed good performance in a wide temperature range from −40 to 50 °C. Based on intensive electrochemical analysis using several models, the CDs were demonstrated to improve the C sp and cycling stability by enhancing the surface capacitance and surface-controlled processes. In this work, a novel, simple strategy was demonstrated for fabricating practical, high-performance supercapacitors from cassava at a low cost.

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Recent advancements in supercapacitors based on different electrode materials: Classifications, synthesis methods and comparative performance

Cited by 168 publications

References 164 publications

Functionalized Metallic 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenide-Based Solid-State Electrolyte for Flexible All-Solid-State Supercapacitors

Functionalized Metallic 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenide-Based Solid-State Electrolyte for Flexible All-Solid-State Supercapacitors

Reduced Graphene Oxide‐Tailored CuFe₂O₄ Nanoparticles as an Electrode Material for High‐Performance Supercapacitors

Quasi-Solid, Bio-Renewable Supercapacitors Based on Cassava Peel and Cassava Starch and the Use of Carbon Dots as Performance Enhancers

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Recent advancements in supercapacitors based on different electrode materials: Classifications, synthesis methods and comparative performance

Cited by 168 publications

References 164 publications

Functionalized Metallic 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenide-Based Solid-State Electrolyte for Flexible All-Solid-State Supercapacitors

Functionalized Metallic 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenide-Based Solid-State Electrolyte for Flexible All-Solid-State Supercapacitors

Reduced Graphene Oxide‐Tailored CuFe2O4 Nanoparticles as an Electrode Material for High‐Performance Supercapacitors

Quasi-Solid, Bio-Renewable Supercapacitors Based on Cassava Peel and Cassava Starch and the Use of Carbon Dots as Performance Enhancers

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Reduced Graphene Oxide‐Tailored CuFe₂O₄ Nanoparticles as an Electrode Material for High‐Performance Supercapacitors