Recent Advancements in User Effect Mitigation for Mobile Terminal Antennas: A Review

Khan, Rizwan; Al‐Hadi, Azremi Abdullah; Soh, Ping Jack

doi:10.1109/temc.2018.2791418

Cited by 32 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…One of the human body parts that most frequently touch the smartphone is the user's hands, which usually has a negative impact on the smartphone antenna performance [28][29][30]. The fundamental radiation characteristics of the 5G smartphone antenna in the presence of the user's hands is studied in this section.…”

Section: User-impact On the Proposed Smartphone Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

MM-Wave Phased Array Quasi-Yagi Antenna for the Upcoming 5G Cellular Communications

et al. 2019

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The focus of this manuscript was to propose a new phased array antenna design for the fifth generation (5G) mobile platforms. Eight elements of compact Quasi-Yagi antennas were placed on the top portion of smartphone printed circuits board (PCB) to form a beam-steerable phased array design. The −10 dB impedance-bandwidth of proposed 5G smartphone antenna spans from 25 GHz to 27 GHz providing 2 GHz bandwidth with less than −16 dB mutual coupling function. A coax-to-microstripline with a truncated crown of vias around the coaxial cable was used as a feeding mechanism for each radiation element. An Arlon Ad 350 substance with properties of ε = 3.5, δ = 0.003, and h = 0.8 mm was chosen as the antenna substrate. The proposed phased array antenna provides wide-angle scanning of 0°~75° with more than 10 dB realized gain levels. For the scanning angle of 0°~60°, the antenna array provides more than 90% (−0.5 dB) radiation and total efficiencies. In addition, the specific absorption rate (SAR) function and radiation performance of the design in the presence of the user-hand/user-hand have been studied. The results validate the feasibility of the proposed design for use in the 5G handheld devices. Furthermore, using the presented Quasi-Yagi elements, the radiation properties of 2 × 2, 4 × 4, and 8 × 8 planar arrays were studied and more than 8.3, 13.5, and 19.3 dBi directivities have been achieved for the designed planar arrays. The results show that the designed arrays (linear & planar) satisfy the general requirements for use in 5G platforms.

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Section: User-impact On the Proposed Smartphone Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

MM-Wave Phased Array Quasi-Yagi Antenna for the Upcoming 5G Cellular Communications

et al. 2019

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“…A robust antenna design is essential to achieve high integration, long battery life, and robust performance for wireless communication applications [3]. When operating in close proximity to the human body, the antenna performance is affected by the interaction with the human body, which behaves as a lossy dielectric.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Scale Analysis of the Head Proximity Effects on Antenna Performance Using Machine Learning Based Models

2020

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Owing to the variations in subject-specific body morphology and anatomy, the radiation performance of a wireless device in the presence of human body is different across subjects. To quantify the inter-subject variations, a large number of highly realistic human models are required. One recent approach is the fast development of body models directly from medical images with machine learning. In this study, a total of eighteen anatomical head models were developed using a fast machine learning approach and were then adopted for large-scale evaluation of the inter-subject variations in antenna performance. The antenna impedance, return loss (RL), total radiated power (TRP), directivity, radiation patterns, and specific absorption rate (SAR) were investigated. The results show rather large variations in impedance, RL, and SAR across subjects, while TRP, directivity, and radiation pattern are less likely to be affected by internal tissue distributions when compared with homogeneous models.

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“…They can also shift the resonant frequency and operating bandwidth of the antenna [3,5,6]. In [7] a review is provided about the effect of user's body on mobile terminal antennas and discusses several proposed techniques in the literature to mitigate this effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Envelope Correlation Coefficient of a Two-Port Mimo Terminal Antenna Under Uniform and Gaussian Angular Power Spectrum With User's Hand Effect

Elshirkasi¹,

Al‐Hadi²,

Mansor³

et al. 2019

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This paper studies the effects of incident wave angular power spectrum (APS) distribution and user hand effect on the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of a two-port MIMO antenna operating in the sub 6 GHz LTE-U frequency band. APS of uniform and Gaussian distributions are used with different Gaussian angular spread (AS) values, i.e., 10 • , 30 • , 50 • , and 70 •. A prototype was fabricated, and three-dimensional radiation patterns of the antenna elements were measured in an anechoic chamber from 4 to 6 GHz in both cases of free space and when the prototype is held in data mode using a hand phantom. An algorithm to calculate ECC from the complex data of far field radiation pattern with different APS distributions is explained in detail. Results show that user hand presence increases ECC between ports compared with free space, whose increase is more obvious under Gaussian APS. ECC values under uniform APS is practically zero over the entire frequency range except at frequencies close to 6 GHz, where the highest ECC values are 0.13 and 0.16 in free space and with user hand, respectively. However, Gaussian APS with different ASs shows a significant impact of the ECC. With narrow AS of 10 • , ECC at some incident directions can be as high as 0.84 (in free space) and 0.92 (with user hand), and the mean ECC values under this AS are 0.25 (in free space) and 0.37 (with user hand). ECC values keep decreasing as AS gets wider, with the maximum ECC at AS = 70 • observed to be 0.23 and 0.34 in free space and with user hand, respectively, whereas the mean ECC values are close to uniform APS. Statistical distribution of the ECC showed good agreement with exponential distribution, with a better agreement between measured ECC and exponential distribution observed in free space with wider AS.

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Recent Advancements in User Effect Mitigation for Mobile Terminal Antennas: A Review

Cited by 32 publications

References 44 publications

MM-Wave Phased Array Quasi-Yagi Antenna for the Upcoming 5G Cellular Communications

MM-Wave Phased Array Quasi-Yagi Antenna for the Upcoming 5G Cellular Communications

Large-Scale Analysis of the Head Proximity Effects on Antenna Performance Using Machine Learning Based Models

Envelope Correlation Coefficient of a Two-Port Mimo Terminal Antenna Under Uniform and Gaussian Angular Power Spectrum With User's Hand Effect

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