Recent Advancements of N-Doped Graphene for Rechargeable Batteries: A Review

Abstract

Graphene, a 2D carbon structure, due to its unique materials characteristics for energy storage applications has grasped the considerable attention of scientists. The highlighted properties of this material with a mechanically robust and highly conductive nature have opened new opportunities for different energy storage systems such as Li-S (lithium-sulfur), Li-ion batteries, and metal-air batteries. It is necessary to understand the intrinsic properties of graphene materials to widen its large-scale applications in energy storage systems. In this review, different routes of graphene synthesis were investigated using chemical, thermal, plasma, and other methods along with their advantages and disadvantages. Apart from this, the applications of N-doped graphene in energy storage devices were discussed.

Progress and Prospects on the Fabrication of Graphene‐Based Nanostructures for Energy Storage, Energy Conversion and Biomedical Applications

“…To achieve doping, PECVD technique is also employed. Heteroatoms such as nitrogen (N) [75–79] and boron (B) [80,81] doped on graphene and its derivatives have been achieved so far for the applications focused in this review. In a particular study, through plasma doping, N atoms were expected to replace C atoms on graphene nanosheets and can have three different N configurations namely: pyridine‐like (N‐6), pyrrole‐like (N‐5), and graphite‐like (N−Q).…”

N, S-doped graphene derived from graphene oxide and thiourea-formaldehyde resin for high stability lithium–sulfur batteries

“…In order to address these issues, many potential strategies have been developed, particularly by encapsulating sulfur into host framework materials such as various carbonaceous materials, 10–12 heteroatom doped carbonaceous materials 13,14 and conductive polymers. 15,16 Specifically, the combination of heteroatom doping, such as sulfur and nitrogen, and boron and phosphorus, 17–20 with graphene has been considered as an available host because this composite may enhance the electrical conductivity as well as chemical bonding between the carbon host and polysulfides. Most importantly, the simultaneous incorporation of nitrogen and sulfur into graphene 21–24 could endow this material with enhanced chemical adsorption ability and more active sites, thus increasing the cycle stability and Coulombic efficiency.…”

Self-assembled carbon nanoribbons with the heteroatom doping used as ultrafast charging cathodes in zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors

“…Electrochemical energy storage devices, including batteries and supercapacitors, have attracted great attention due to the increasing demands of electronics, electric vehicles and intermittent renewable energies [1][2][3]. Lithium-ion batteries, featured with high energy density, exhibit safety issues and high fabrication cost owing to the activity of alkali metals and flammable organic electrolytes [4,5].…”