Recent advancements review in zinc oxide and titanium dioxide saturable absorber for ultrafast pulsed fiber laser

Muhammad, N A M; Awang, Noor Azura; Basri, Hatijah

doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2023.170855

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…The tunable filter which frequently used to tune the wavelength of the pulse laser is curved multimode fiber [10], fiber Bragg grating (FBG) [11], multimode interference (MMI) filter [12], rotating mirrors in combination with a diffraction grating [13,14], sagnac interferometer [15,16], tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) [17], and tunable bandpass filter (TBF) [18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Passive Q-switched configuration is based on the incorporation of a saturable absorber (SA) [25]. Spider silk, a biological material has a growing potential for research as an SA due to its high degree of biocompatibility, they are bioresorbable, ecologically friendly, has good thermal conductivity, and offers excellent mechanical, and optical properties [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological material spider silk by direct incorporation onto fiber ferrule for wavelength tunable Q-switched application

Muhammad,

Awang,

Basri

et al. 2024

Laser Phys. Lett.

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This study presents a novel structure saturable absorber (SSA) based on spider silk for wavelength tunable Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) operation from S to L bands. The nonlinear optical absorption of spider silk was measured, showing a high modulation depth of 64.92%, a low saturation intensity of 0.03 MW cm−2, and a non-saturable loss of 24%. By adjusting the polarization controller, a wavelength tunable Q-switched EDFL was achieved, with a tuning range of 64 nm from 1522 nm to 1586 nm. The Q-switched pulses had a repetition rate varying from 20.62 kHz to 6.57 kHz and a pulse width ranging from 14.02 μs to 26.30 μs, corresponding to an output power from −11.31 dBm to −9.02 dBm at the maximum pump power of 151.40 mW. The proposed SSA using spider silk offers a low-cost, eco-friendly, and high-performance solution for wide wavelength tunable Q-switched EDFL applications in optical testing, fiber communication, optical fiber sensing, and ultrafast lasers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological material spider silk by direct incorporation onto fiber ferrule for wavelength tunable Q-switched application

Muhammad,

Awang,

Basri

et al. 2024

Laser Phys. Lett.

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“…These include a low damage threshold, lower peak power, and high cost [24,25]. The attainment of flexibility, low cost, simple design, and compactness are enabled by passive Q-switched [26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spider silk biological material for Q-switched temperature sensor

Muhammad,

Awang

2024

Phys. Scr.

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A temperature sensor using compact design and highly sensitivity of side polished fiber and fiber Bragg grating as the sensing elements, Q-switched pulse fiber laser source with spider silk as a saturable absorber is proposed and demonstrated. Spider silk sample was gently collected from a live spider, specifically, the jumping spider of Plexippus sp. which then incorporated within the laser cavity by deposited the silk onto the surface of the fiber ferrule to facilitate the generation of Q-switched pulse fiber laser. The temperature variations were detected by monitoring the pulse train and radio frequency shift from the oscilloscope. The performance of the side polished fiber sensor probe shows a sensitivity of 0.1522 kHz/°C, with 0.9479 coefficient of determination value as the temperature increased from -0.5 °C to +3.1 °C. Besides, a linear temperature re-sponse in the range of 25 °C – 55 °C with a sensitivity of 0.0423 kHz/°C, and a linear correlation coefficient of 0.951 was experimentally achieved for a fiber Bragg grating device. The spider silk as a saturable absorber material is compatible with fiber optic interconnection and the temperature sensing characteristics were successfully demonstrated. The sensor's straight-forward design further enhances its desirability as a sensor for temperature monitoring, including in the field of biological treatments, consumer electronics, detection of chemical analytes, and medical diagnosis.

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“…Moreover, the thickness of the SA thin film also has a large influence on its nonlinear optical properties. For example, thicker SA thin film will result in lower saturation intensity, while thinner SA thin film will result in lower modulation depth [33], whereby both cases can degrade the overall performance of the SA. Second, the SA materials should be uniformly dispersed within the host polymer to minimize the scattering loss.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fe2O3 Nanoparticle-Based Q-Switched Pulse Fiber Laser

Muhammad,

Chyi,

Mohd Asran

et al. 2023

Photonics

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We demonstrate the utilization of iron oxide (Fe2O3) as light-absorbing material in an erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) for the generation of Q-switched pulses. A sandwich-type saturable absorber (SA) with Fe2O3 nanoparticles between fiber ferrules is proposed. A fiber ferrule tip is tapped onto a cap of index-matching gel, which is then dipped into Fe2O3 nanoparticle powder to allow its deposition through the adhesion effect. By incorporating Fe2O3–SA in an EDFL, self-started and stable Q-switched pulses are attained at a threshold power of 50.1 mW. The pulse repetition rate is tunable from 9.92 kHz to 22.47 kHz, whereas the pulse duration reduces from 38.4 µs to 13.8 µs with the pump power increment. The maximum pulse energy achieved is 36.9 nJ. This work offers a simple integration method of Fe2O3 nanoparticles as potential SAs for the generation of Q-switched pulses.

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Recent advancements review in zinc oxide and titanium dioxide saturable absorber for ultrafast pulsed fiber laser

Cited by 9 publications

References 114 publications

Biological material spider silk by direct incorporation onto fiber ferrule for wavelength tunable Q-switched application

Biological material spider silk by direct incorporation onto fiber ferrule for wavelength tunable Q-switched application

Spider silk biological material for Q-switched temperature sensor

Fe2O3 Nanoparticle-Based Q-Switched Pulse Fiber Laser

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